Oskarsson Hanna, Eriksson Wiklund Ann-Kristin, Thorsén Gunnar, Danielsson Gabriela, Kumblad Linda
Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Applied Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
PLoS One. 2014 Apr 8;9(4):e93774. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093774. eCollection 2014.
This study investigated the uptake and effects of a common human pharmaceutical, propranolol, on the structure and function of a coastal Baltic Sea model community consisting of macroalga (Ceramium tenuicorne), mussels (Mytilus edulis trossulus), amphipods (Gammarus spp.), water and sediment. The most sensitive species, the mussel, was affected to the same extent as in previous single species studies, while the effects on the amphipod and alga were smaller or even positive compared to experiments performed in less complex test systems. The observed cascade of beneficial effects was a result of inter-specific species interactions that buffered for more severe effects. The poor condition of the mussel led to a feeding shift from alga to mussel by the amphipods. The better food quality, due to the dietary shift, counteracted the effects of the exposure. Less amphipod grazing, together with increased levels of nutrients in the water was favourable for the alga, despite the negative effects of propranolol. This microcosm study showed effects on organisms on different organizational levels as well as interactions among the different components resulting in indirect exposure effects of both functional and structural nature. The combination of both direct and indirect effects would not have been detected using simpler single- or even two-species study designs. The observed structural changes would in the natural environment have a long-term influence on ecosystem function, especially in a low-biodiversity ecosystem like the Baltic Sea.
本研究调查了一种常见的人类药物普萘洛尔对波罗的海沿岸一个由大型海藻（细角角毛藻）、贻贝（特罗苏利斯蓝贻贝）、双足类动物（钩虾属）、水和沉积物组成的模型群落的结构和功能的摄取及影响。最敏感的物种贻贝，受到的影响程度与之前的单物种研究相同，而与在较简单测试系统中进行的实验相比，对双足类动物和藻类的影响较小，甚至是积极的。观察到的一系列有益影响是种间物种相互作用的结果，这些相互作用缓冲了更严重的影响。贻贝状况不佳导致双足类动物的摄食从藻类转向贻贝。由于饮食转变，更好的食物质量抵消了暴露的影响。尽管普萘洛尔有负面影响，但较少的双足类动物啃食，加上水中营养物质水平的增加，对藻类有利。这项微观世界研究显示了对不同组织水平的生物体的影响以及不同组分之间的相互作用，从而产生了功能和结构性质的间接暴露效应。使用更简单的单物种甚至双物种研究设计无法检测到直接和间接效应的组合。在自然环境中观察到的结构变化将对生态系统功能产生长期影响，特别是在像波罗的海这样生物多样性低的生态系统中。
