Chemical Engineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2014 Jul-Aug;6(4):398-409. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1267. Epub 2014 Apr 8.
Fluorophore-mediated, molecular sensing is one of the most popular and important technique in biomedical studies. As in any sensing technique, the two most important factors in this sensing are the sensitivity and specificity. Since the fluorescence of a fluorophore is emitted in the process of fluorophore electrons returning from their excited to ground state, a tool that can locally manipulate the electron state can be useful to maximize the sensitivity and specificity. A good tool candidate for this purpose is nanosized metal particles that can form an electromagnetic (EM) field at a sufficiently strong level, upon receiving a particular wavelength that fits the excitation wavelength of the fluorophore to be used. There are several metal nanoparticle types that can generate a sufficiently strong EM field for this purpose. Nevertheless, for the biomedical studies, which require minimal toxicity, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are known to be the most suitable. In this article, various methods for fluorescence alteration using GNPs, which can be beneficially utilized for biomarker-specific, highly sensitive molecular sensing and imaging, are discussed. For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
The authors have declared no conflicts of interest for this article.
荧光团介导的分子传感是生物医学研究中最流行和最重要的技术之一。在任何传感技术中，这种传感最重要的两个因素是灵敏度和特异性。由于荧光团的荧光是在荧光团电子从激发态返回基态的过程中发射的，因此可以局部操纵电子状态的工具对于最大化灵敏度和特异性可能很有用。为此目的的一个很好的工具候选物是纳米尺寸的金属颗粒，其可以在接收足以强的特定波长时在金属纳米颗粒类型，该特定波长适合要使用的荧光团的激发波长。有几种金属纳米颗粒类型可以为此目的产生足够强的 EM 场。然而，对于需要最小毒性的生物医学研究，金纳米颗粒（GNPs）被认为是最合适的。在本文中，讨论了使用 GNPs 改变荧光的各种方法，这些方法可有益于用于生物标志物特异性、高灵敏度分子传感和成像。有关本文的更多资源，请访问 WIREs 网站。
作者声明本文没有利益冲突。
