Ji Zheng, Wang Xiaochang C, Xu Limei, Zhang Chongmiao, Funamizu Naoyuki, Okabe Satoshi, Sano Daisuke
Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, Shaanxi, China.
Food Environ Virol. 2014 Jun;6(2):99-109. doi: 10.1007/s12560-014-9140-x. Epub 2014 Apr 9.
A polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) method was employed to estimate the contamination sources of human enteroviruses and understand how their dominant strains vary in a wastewater treatment and reclamation system consisting of sewage collection, wastewater treatment with membrane bioreactor and open lakes for reclaimed water storage and reuse. After PCR-DGGE using a selected primer set targeting enteroviruses, phylogenetic analysis of acquired enterovirus gene sequences was performed. Enteroviruses identified from the septic tank were much more diverse than those from grey water and kitchen wastewater. Several unique types of enterovirus different from those in wastewater samples were dominant in a biological wastewater treatment unit. Membrane filtration followed by chlorination was proved effective for physically eliminating enteroviruses; however, secondary contamination likely occurred as the reclaimed water was stored in artificial lakes. Enterovirus 71 (EV71), a hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) viral pathogen, was detected mainly from the artificial lakes, implying that wastewater effluent was not the contamination source of EV71 and that there were unidentified non-point sources of the contamination with the HFMD viral pathogen in the reclaimed water stored in the artificial lakes. The PCR-DGGE targeting enteroviruses provided robust evidence about viral contamination sources in the wastewater treatment and reclamation system.
采用聚合酶链反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳（PCR-DGGE）方法，评估人类肠道病毒的污染来源，并了解其优势菌株在由污水收集、膜生物反应器污水处理以及用于再生水储存和回用的人工湖组成的污水处理与回用系统中的变化情况。使用针对肠道病毒的特定引物组进行PCR-DGGE后，对获得的肠道病毒基因序列进行系统发育分析。从化粪池中鉴定出的肠道病毒比从灰水和厨房废水中鉴定出的肠道病毒种类更多。在生物废水处理单元中，有几种与废水样本中不同的独特类型肠道病毒占主导地位。事实证明，膜过滤后加氯对物理去除肠道病毒有效；然而，再生水储存在人工湖时可能会发生二次污染。手足口病（HFMD）病毒病原体肠道病毒71型（EV71）主要从人工湖中检测到，这意味着废水排放不是EV71的污染源，且在人工湖储存的再生水中存在未确定的手足口病病毒病原体非点源污染。针对肠道病毒的PCR-DGGE为污水处理与回用系统中的病毒污染源提供了有力证据。
