Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
Water Res. 2012 Sep 1;46(13):4301-13. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.05.001. Epub 2012 May 17.
A monitoring program was undertaken to assess the microbial quality of greywater collected from 93 typical households in Melbourne, Australia. A total of 185 samples, comprising 75 washing machine wash, 74 washing machine rinse and 36 bathroom samples were analysed for the faecal indicator Escherichia coli. Of these, 104 were also analysed for genetic markers of pathogenic E coli and 111 for norovirus (genogroups GI and GII), enterovirus and rotavirus using RT-PCR. Enteric viruses were detected in 20 out of the 111 (18%) samples comprising 16 washing machine wash water and 4 bathroom samples. Eight (7%) samples were positive for enterovirus, twelve (11%) for norovirus genogroup GI, one (1%) for norovirus genogroup GII and another (1%) for rotavirus. Two washing machine samples contained more than one virus. Typical pathogenic E. coli were detected in 3 out of 104 (3%) samples and atypical enteropathogenic E. coli in 11 (11%) of samples. Levels of indicator E. coli were highly variable and the presence of E. coli was not associated with the presence of human enteric viruses in greywater. There was also little correlation between reported gastrointestinal illness in households and detection of pathogens in greywater.
一个监测项目评估了从澳大利亚墨尔本 93 户典型家庭收集的灰水的微生物质量。共分析了 185 个样本，包括 75 个洗衣机洗涤水、74 个洗衣机漂洗水和 36 个浴室样本，用于检测粪便指示菌大肠杆菌。其中，104 个样本还分析了致病性大肠杆菌的遗传标记，111 个样本分析了诺如病毒（GI 和 GII 基因群）、肠病毒和轮状病毒，使用 RT-PCR 进行分析。在 111 个样本中，有 20 个（18%）检测到肠道病毒，包括 16 个洗衣机洗涤水样本和 4 个浴室样本。8 个（7%）样本检测到肠病毒，12 个（11%）样本检测到诺如病毒 GI 基因群，1 个（1%）样本检测到诺如病毒 GII 基因群，另 1 个（1%）样本检测到轮状病毒。两个洗衣机样本含有不止一种病毒。在 104 个样本中，有 3 个（3%）检测到典型致病性大肠杆菌，11 个（11%）检测到非典型肠致病性大肠杆菌。指示菌大肠杆菌的水平变化很大，且大肠杆菌的存在与灰水中人类肠道病毒的存在无关。家庭报告的胃肠道疾病与灰水中病原体的检测之间也几乎没有相关性。
