Vijayakumar K, Sudheesh Kumar T K, Nujum Zinia T, Umarul Farook, Kuriakose Anu
Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, India.
J Vector Borne Dis. 2014 Mar;51(1):27-32.
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: The district of Thiruvananthapuram reports the maximum number of cases of dengue in the state of Kerala. To determine the larval diversity, density and breeding site preferences of Aedes mosquitoes, during pre-monsoon and monsoon periods in urban and rural areas of Thiruvananthapuram district.
Based on the daily reports of dengue cases, 70 clusters were identified in Thiruvananthapuram district. A cross-sectional larval survey was done in the domestic and peri-domestic areas of 1750 houses, using the WHO standard techniques. The larval indices were calculated, and the larvae were identified by using taxonomic keys. Urban and rural differences and the variations during pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons were also studied.
In the surveyed houses, 15% had mosquito breeding, with 88% having Aedes larvae. The house index, container index and the breteau index were 13.08, 13.28 and 16.57%, respectively. About 86% of the clusters were found positive for Aedes albopictus and 11% for Ae. aegypti. Aedes albopictus was distributed almost equally in rural and urban clusters, whereas the distribution of Ae. aegypti was significantly higher in urban areas (p = 0.03). The most common water holding containers found (outdoor) were of plastic, followed by coconut shells. The breeding preference ratio was highest for tyres. Significantly lesser positivity was found for containers during monsoon period when compared to pre-monsoon period.
The geographical distribution of Ae. albopictus is significantly high in peri-domestic areas and, therefore, its epidemiological role in the widespread disease occurrence needs to be studied. The discarded tyres being the most preferred breeding sites, where IEC activities will help in source reduction.
在喀拉拉邦， Thiruvananthapuram地区报告的登革热病例数最多。为了确定 Thiruvananthapuram地区城乡在季风来临前和季风期间埃及伊蚊的幼虫多样性、密度及繁殖场所偏好。
根据登革热病例的每日报告，在Thiruvananthapuram地区确定了70个聚类。采用世界卫生组织标准技术，对1750户家庭的室内及周边地区进行了横断面幼虫调查。计算幼虫指数，并使用分类检索表鉴定幼虫。还研究了城乡差异以及季风来临前和季风季节的变化。
在被调查的房屋中，15%有蚊子繁殖，其中88%有埃及伊蚊幼虫。房屋指数、容器指数和布雷图指数分别为13.08%、13.28%和16.57%。约86%的聚类中白纹伊蚊呈阳性，11%为埃及伊蚊。白纹伊蚊在农村和城市聚类中的分布几乎相等，而埃及伊蚊在城市地区的分布明显更高（p = 0.03）。发现的最常见（室外）蓄水容器是塑料的，其次是椰壳。轮胎的繁殖偏好率最高。与季风来临前相比，季风期间容器的阳性率显著降低。
白纹伊蚊在家庭周边地区的地理分布显著较高，因此需要研究其在疾病广泛传播中的流行病学作用。废弃轮胎是最受青睐的繁殖场所，开展信息、教育和宣传活动将有助于减少源头。
