Bassir Leila, Amani Reza, Khaneh Masjedi Mashalla, Ahangarpor Fatemeh
Departmant of Pedodontics, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran.
Departemant of Nutrition, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran.
Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2014 Jan;16(1):e9684. doi: 10.5812/ircmj.9684. Epub 2014 Jan 5.
Dietary habits are established in childhood and will persist until adulthood, being one of the human health pillars. Many diseases of humans have roots in the individuals' diet, of which dental caries are one of the common infectious diseases. Diabetes Mellitus is also considered as the most common metabolic disorder in children.
The purpose of this study was to compare the dietary patterns of children with type I Diabetes Mellitus with that of non-diabetic children, in relation to dental caries.
MATERIALS/PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this study, 31 patients (13 boys and 18 girls, mean age of 11 ± 5.4 years) with type I Diabetes Mellitus referred to the Diabetes Mellitus Center and university hospitals were selected. Controls were 31 healthy students matched for age and sex. The study was based on the data obtained from the questionnaire containing information about dietary patterns and oral hygiene habits, social class and decayed/missing/filled teeth (DMFT) index. Dietary patterns were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire developed on the basis of caries preventing or inducing foods and then scored. Data were analyzed by using the t-test and McNamara's test.
Diabetic children had less frequent cariogenic snacks than their controls. The mean diet scores for diabetic and healthy subjects were 7.65 ± 3.27 and 11.9 ± 2.03 (P < 0.05), respectively. There was no significant difference in DMFT between the diabetics and controls (3.71 ± 2.48 vs. 4.35 ± 2.74, respectively). There were also no differences in frequency of tooth brushing and use of mouth washes. However, more diabetics reported that they have never used dental floss compared to controls (42.2% vs. 71%, P < 0.05). Having cheese with bread as snack was more prevalent in diabetics (P < 0.05).There was a positive correlation between DMFT and dietary scores (r = 0.3, P < 0.05).
Controls scored higher in their dietary habits and dental flossing but lower in tooth brushing and mouth washing. More diabetics tend to have snacks like cheese and bread, which is a caries-preventing habit.
饮食习惯在儿童时期形成，并会持续到成年，是人类健康的支柱之一。许多人类疾病都源于个人饮食，其中龋齿是常见的传染病之一。糖尿病也被认为是儿童中最常见的代谢紊乱疾病。
本研究的目的是比较1型糖尿病儿童与非糖尿病儿童在龋齿方面的饮食模式。
材料/患者与方法：在本研究中，选取了31例（13名男孩和18名女孩，平均年龄11±5.4岁）转诊至糖尿病中心和大学医院的1型糖尿病患者。对照组为31名年龄和性别匹配的健康学生。该研究基于从问卷中获得的数据，问卷包含有关饮食模式、口腔卫生习惯、社会阶层以及龋失补牙（DMFT）指数的信息。饮食模式通过基于防龋或致龋食物制定的食物频率问卷进行评估，然后进行评分。数据采用t检验和麦克纳马拉检验进行分析。
糖尿病儿童食用致龋性零食的频率低于对照组。糖尿病患者和健康受试者的平均饮食得分分别为7.65±3.27和11.9±2.03（P<0.05）。糖尿病患者和对照组的DMFT无显著差异（分别为3.71±2.48和4.35±2.74）。刷牙频率和使用漱口水方面也无差异。然而，与对照组相比，更多糖尿病患者报告从未使用牙线（42.2%对71%，P<0.05）。糖尿病患者中以奶酪配面包作为零食更为普遍（P<0.05）。DMFT与饮食得分之间存在正相关（r = 0.3，P<0.05）。
对照组在饮食习惯和使用牙线方面得分较高，但在刷牙和使用漱口水方面得分较低。更多糖尿病患者倾向于食用奶酪和面包等零食，这是一种防龋习惯。
