Siudikiene Jolanta, Maciulskiene Vita, Nedzelskiene Irena
Clinic of Dental and Oral Diseases, Faculty of Odontology, Kaunas University of Medicine, Eiveniu Str. 2, Kaunas LT-3007, Lithuania.
Stomatologija. 2005;7(2):58-62.
The aims of the study were to evaluate differences in dietary, oral hygiene habits and social class in children with Type I diabetes mellitus (DM), compared to non-diabetics, and to investigate relationship between selected caries-risk factors and caries experience in diabetics.
70 children with Type I DM and 70 age- and sex-matched non-diabetic controls were included in the study. Metabolic control of diabetes was categorized into well- to- moderately-controlled and poorly-controlled groups based on glycosylated haemoglobin HbA1c. The study was based on the data obtained from the questionnaire including information about dietary and oral hygiene habits, pattern of dental visits and social class. Results showed that the diabetic children had more frequent main meals and less snacking than their controls: the mean number of main meals/day was 4.33 (SD = 0.93) in the diabetics, and 2.53 (SD = 0.85) in the controls. Significantly less diabetics (43%) used sweet drinks than their controls (79%). There were no differences according to the frequency of toothbrushing as well as frequency of dental visits between the diabetics and controls, however, significantly more diabetics reported that they never used dental floss than non-diabetics. There were no significant differences in the diet, toothbrushing frequency between the diabetics with different metabolic control. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that among caries risk associated variables only age of children (OR = 1.98; CI = 1.23-3.19) and level of metabolic control of diabetes (OR = 4.65; CI = 1.28-16.89) were statistically significantly associated with high caries experience in the diabetics.
Frequent consumption of sweet drinks and snacks can influence caries development in children. Amongst the diabetics, the differences in caries prevalence can be explained by combination of biological and behavioral factors rather than single dietary or oral hygiene elements.
本研究的目的是评估1型糖尿病（DM）患儿与非糖尿病患儿在饮食、口腔卫生习惯和社会阶层方面的差异，并调查1型糖尿病患儿中选定的龋病危险因素与龋病经历之间的关系。
本研究纳入了70名1型糖尿病患儿和70名年龄及性别匹配的非糖尿病对照儿童。根据糖化血红蛋白HbA1c将糖尿病的代谢控制分为控制良好至中等和控制不佳两组。本研究基于从问卷中获得的数据，这些数据包括饮食和口腔卫生习惯、看牙模式和社会阶层的信息。结果显示，糖尿病患儿的正餐次数比对照组更频繁，吃零食更少：糖尿病患儿每天正餐的平均次数为4.33（标准差=0.93），对照组为2.53（标准差=0.85）。糖尿病患儿饮用甜味饮料的比例（43%）显著低于对照组（79%）。糖尿病患儿与对照组在刷牙频率和看牙频率方面没有差异，然而，报告从未使用牙线的糖尿病患儿明显多于非糖尿病患儿。不同代谢控制情况患者在饮食、刷牙频率方面无显著差异。多因素logistic回归分析显示，在龋病风险相关变量中，只有儿童年龄（比值比=1.98；可信区间=1.23-3.19）和糖尿病代谢控制水平（比值比=4.65；可信区间=1.28-16.89）与糖尿病患儿的高龋病经历在统计学上显著相关。
频繁饮用甜味饮料和吃零食会影响儿童龋病的发展。在糖尿病患儿中，龋病患病率的差异可以用生物学和行为因素的组合来解释，而不是单一的饮食或口腔卫生因素。
Zotero 插件