Waksman Renata Dejtiar, Carrera Renato Melli, Santos Erica, Abramovici Sulim, Schvartsman Cláudio
Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Einstein (Sao Paulo). 2014 Jan-Mar;12(1):1-5. doi: 10.1590/s1679-45082014ao2434.
To identify the factors that determine unintentional injuries in children living in the community of Paraisopolis, in the city of São Paulo, Brazil.
A cross-sectional and non-controlled study. Data collected during 4 consecutive months through questionnaires filled out for the Einstein Program in Paraisopolis Community included identification of the patient and his/her family, scholarity level, housing conditions, storage of hazardous products, access to the streets and concrete slab ceilings, supervision, and trauma mechanism involved. The observed data were treated as absolute and relative frequencies; χ(2), Fisher's exact test, Student's t test, and Mann-Whitney's tests were implemented, with a significance level of 5% (p<0.05).
A total of 1,490 questionnaires were analyzed. There was a predominance of trauma within boys (59.6%) and the medium age was 5.2 years. The predominant educational level of the parents was incomplete junior school education. The main caregiver identified was the mother (69.4%). Among the children that suffered trauma, 56.4% belonged to large families (≥ 6 people), lived in houses up to three rooms, and a family income up to R$ 1,000.00 (76.6%). Easy access to hazardous materials was considerable and free access to concrete slab ceilings was reported in 92.8% of the cases. The main trauma mechanisms were falls and burns. In this study, the child victim of a fall was aged under 5 years.
Small children that live in a hazardous environment have a significant tendency to suffering trauma.
确定巴西圣保罗市帕拉伊索波利斯社区儿童意外伤害的决定因素。
一项横断面非对照研究。通过为帕拉伊索波利斯社区爱因斯坦项目填写的问卷，在连续4个月内收集的数据包括患者及其家庭的识别、学历水平、住房条件、危险产品的储存、街道通行情况和混凝土板天花板情况、监管以及所涉及的创伤机制。观察到的数据按绝对和相对频率处理；实施了χ²检验、费舍尔精确检验、学生t检验和曼-惠特尼检验，显著性水平为5%（p<0.05）。
共分析了1490份问卷。男孩中的创伤发生率较高（59.6%），中位年龄为5.2岁。父母的主要教育水平为初中未毕业。确定的主要照顾者是母亲（69.4%）。在遭受创伤的儿童中，56.4%属于大家庭（≥6人），居住在最多三间房的房屋中，家庭收入最高为1000雷亚尔（76.6%）。容易获取危险材料的情况相当普遍，92.8%的案例报告可自由接触混凝土板天花板。主要的创伤机制是跌倒和烧伤。在本研究中，跌倒的儿童受害者年龄在5岁以下。
生活在危险环境中的幼儿遭受创伤的倾向显著。
