Domínguez Alazne, Suárez-Merino Blanca, Goñi-de-Cerio Felipe
J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2014 Jan;14(1):766-79. doi: 10.1166/jnn.2014.9119.
Major central nervous system disorders represent a significant and worldwide public health problem. In fact, the therapeutic success of many pharmaceuticals developed to treat central nervous system diseases is still moderate, since the blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits the access of systemically administered compounds to the brain. Therefore, they require the application of a large total dose of a drug, and cause numerous toxic effects. The development of nanotechnological systems are useful tools to deliver therapeutics and/or diagnostic probes to the brain due to nanocarriers having the potential to improve the therapeutic effect of drugs and to reduce their side effects. This review provides a brief overview of the variety of carriers employed for central nervous system drug and diagnostic probes delivery. Further, this paper focuses on the novel nanocarriers developed to enhance brain delivery across the blood-brain barrier. Special attention is paid to liposomes, micelles, polymeric and lipid-based nanoparticles, dendrimers and carbon nanotubes. The recent developments in nanocarrier implementation through size/charge optimization and surface modifications (PEGylation, targeting delivery, and coating with surfactants) have been discussed. And a detailed description of the nanoscaled pharmaceutical delivery devices employed for the treatment of central nervous system disorders have also been defined. The aim of the review is to evaluate the nanotechnology-based drug delivery strategies to treat different central nervous system disorders.
主要的中枢神经系统疾病是一个重大的全球性公共卫生问题。事实上，许多用于治疗中枢神经系统疾病的药物的治疗效果仍然一般，因为血脑屏障限制了全身给药化合物进入大脑。因此，它们需要使用大剂量的药物，并且会产生许多毒性作用。由于纳米载体有可能提高药物的治疗效果并减少其副作用，纳米技术系统的发展是将治疗剂和/或诊断探针递送至大脑的有用工具。本综述简要概述了用于中枢神经系统药物和诊断探针递送的各种载体。此外，本文重点关注为增强跨血脑屏障的脑递送而开发的新型纳米载体。特别关注脂质体、胶束、聚合物和脂质基纳米颗粒、树枝状大分子和碳纳米管。讨论了通过尺寸/电荷优化和表面修饰（聚乙二醇化、靶向递送和用表面活性剂包被）实现纳米载体的最新进展。还对用于治疗中枢神经系统疾病的纳米级药物递送装置进行了详细描述。该综述的目的是评估基于纳米技术的药物递送策略以治疗不同的中枢神经系统疾病。
