a Department of Telecommunications , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana , USA.
J Health Commun. 2014 Sep;19(9):1030-46. doi: 10.1080/10810730.2013.864733. Epub 2014 Apr 14.
This study examined how children and adolescents respond to pictures of products whose use, for them, is socially or legally restricted (e.g., beer, liquor, cigarettes). It was theorized and found that these pictures, referred to as taboo, elicit an automatic motivational activation whose direction and intensity are influenced by age and individual differences in defensive system activation. Results show that 11-12-year-old children demonstrate primarily aversive responses to taboo products, 13-15-year-old children have less aversive responses, and 16-17-year-old children have mixed appetitive and aversive motivational responses. Further, those with high defensive system activation show larger aversive and smaller appetitive responses across the age groups. These results suggest that placing pictures of these products in prevention messages may work for the prevention goal of reduced experimentation and risk in younger children but against the prevention goal for the older children who may be more likely to be exposed to opportunities for experimentation and use.
本研究考察了儿童和青少年对其使用受到社会或法律限制的产品图片（例如，啤酒、白酒、香烟）的反应。研究假设并发现，这些被称为禁忌的图片会引发自动动机激活，其方向和强度受年龄和防御系统激活个体差异的影响。研究结果表明，11-12 岁的儿童对禁忌产品主要表现出厌恶反应，13-15 岁的儿童反应较弱，而 16-17 岁的儿童则表现出混合的食欲和厌恶动机反应。此外，防御系统激活程度较高的个体在整个年龄组中表现出更大的厌恶和较小的食欲反应。这些结果表明，在预防信息中放置这些产品的图片可能对减少年幼儿童尝试和冒险的预防目标有效，但对年龄较大的儿童则可能适得其反，因为他们更有可能接触到尝试和使用的机会。
