Yunis Aguinaga Jefferson, Claudiano Gustavo S, Marcusso Paulo F, Ikefuti Cynthia, Ortega George G, Eto Silas F, da Cruz Claudinei, Moraes Juliet R E, Moraes Flávio R, Fernandes João B K
Aquaculture Center of UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
J Toxicol. 2014;2014:412437. doi: 10.1155/2014/412437. Epub 2014 Mar 6.
Uncaria tomentosa is a medicinal plant used in folk medicine by Amazon tribes. In this study the constituents of aqueous extract of U. tomentosa bark were quantified by chromatographic technique and its lethal concentration 50 (48 h) in Hyphessobrycon eques was determined. The chromatography showed high levels of oxindole alkaloids, quinovic acid glycosides, and low molecular weight polyphenols. The CL50 48 h was 1816 mg/L. Fish showed behavior changes at concentrations above 2000 mg/L, accompanied by a significant decrease of dissolved oxygen. At the highest concentration 100% mortality was observed attributed to oxygen reduction by the amount of oxindole alkaloids, polyphenols accumulation of the extract in the gills, and the interaction of these compounds with dopamine. In conclusion, the aqueous extract of U. tomentosa did not alter the chemical components and it was shown that U. tomentosa has low toxicity to H. eques; therefore, it can be used safely in this species.
绒毛钩藤是一种被亚马逊部落用于民间医学的药用植物。在本研究中，采用色谱技术对绒毛钩藤树皮水提取物的成分进行了定量分析，并测定了其对红肚水虎鱼的半数致死浓度（48小时）。色谱分析显示，其中含有高含量的氧化吲哚生物碱、奎诺酸糖苷和低分子量多酚。48小时的半数致死浓度为1816毫克/升。当浓度高于2000毫克/升时，鱼类出现行为变化，同时溶解氧显著降低。在最高浓度下，观察到100%的死亡率，这归因于氧化吲哚生物碱对氧气的消耗、提取物中多酚在鳃中的积累以及这些化合物与多巴胺的相互作用。总之，绒毛钩藤水提取物未改变化学成分，且表明绒毛钩藤对红肚水虎鱼毒性较低；因此，可在该物种中安全使用。
