Farhoudian Ali, Sadeghi Mandana, Khoddami Vishteh Hamid Reza, Moazen Babak, Fekri Monir, Rahimi Movaghar Afarin
Iranian Research Center for Substance Abuse and Dependence, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran .
IRSA Center for Psychology and Addiction Study, Tehran, Iran.
Iran J Pharm Res. 2014 Winter;13(1):337-44.
Iranian crack is a new form of narcotic substance that has found widespread prevalence in Iran in the past years. Crack only nominally resembles crack cocaine as it is widely different in its clinical signs. Thus the present study aims to quantify the chemical combination of this drug. The samples included 18 specimen of Crack collected from different zones of Tehran, Iran. All specimens were in the form of inodorous cream solid powdery substance. TLC and HPLC methods were used to perform semi-quantitative and quantitative analysis of the components, respectively. The TLC analysis showed no cocaine compound in the specimens while they all revealed to contain heroin, codeine, morphine and caffeine. All but two specimens contained thebaine. None of the specimens contained amphetamine, benzodiazepines, tricyclic antidepressants, aspirin, barbiturates, tramadol and buprenorphine. Acetaminophen was found in four specimens. HPLC revealed heroin to be the foundation substance in all specimens and most of them contained a significant amount of acetylcodeine. The present analysis of the chemical combination of Crack showed that this substance is a heroin-based narcotic which is basically different from the cocaine-based crack used in Western countries. Studies like the present one at different time points, especially when abnormal clinical signs are detected, can reveal the chemical combination of the target substance and contribute to the clinical management of its acute or chronic poisoning.
伊朗快克是一种新型麻醉药品，在过去几年里在伊朗广泛流行。快克只是名义上类似于快克可卡因，因为其临床症状有很大不同。因此，本研究旨在量化这种药物的化学组成。样本包括从伊朗德黑兰不同区域收集的18份快克样本。所有样本均为无气味的乳膏状固体粉末物质。分别采用薄层色谱法（TLC）和高效液相色谱法（HPLC）对成分进行半定量和定量分析。TLC分析显示样本中没有可卡因化合物，而所有样本均显示含有海洛因、可待因、吗啡和咖啡因。除两份样本外，其他样本均含有蒂巴因。样本中均未含有苯丙胺、苯二氮䓬类、三环类抗抑郁药、阿司匹林、巴比妥类、曲马多和丁丙诺啡。在四份样本中发现了对乙酰氨基酚。HPLC显示海洛因是所有样本中的基础物质，且大多数样本含有大量乙酰可待因。对快克化学组成的当前分析表明，这种物质是以海洛因为基础的麻醉药品，与西方国家使用的以可卡因为基础的快克有本质区别。在不同时间点进行像本研究这样的分析，尤其是在检测到异常临床症状时，可以揭示目标物质的化学组成，并有助于其急性或慢性中毒的临床管理。
