De Paepe Marianne, Leclerc Marion, Tinsley Colin R, Petit Marie-Agnès
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Micalis, UMR 1319 Jouy en Josas, France ; Agroparistech, Micalis, UMR 1319 Jouy en Josas, France.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2014 Mar 28;4:39. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00039. eCollection 2014.
Metagenomic approaches applied to viruses have highlighted their prevalence in almost all microbial ecosystems investigated. In all ecosystems, notably those associated with humans or animals, the viral fraction is dominated by bacteriophages. Whether they contribute to dysbiosis, i.e., the departure from microbiota composition in symbiosis at equilibrium and entry into a state favoring human or animal disease is unknown at present. This review summarizes what has been learnt on phages associated with human and animal microbiota, and focuses on examples illustrating the several ways by which phages may contribute to a shift to pathogenesis, either by modifying population equilibrium, by horizontal transfer, or by modulating immunity.
应用于病毒的宏基因组学方法突出了它们在几乎所有已研究的微生物生态系统中的普遍性。在所有生态系统中，尤其是那些与人类或动物相关的生态系统中，病毒部分主要由噬菌体主导。目前尚不清楚它们是否会导致生态失调，即偏离处于平衡状态的共生微生物群组成并进入有利于人类或动物疾病的状态。这篇综述总结了关于与人类和动物微生物群相关的噬菌体的已有知识，并重点介绍了一些例子，这些例子说明了噬菌体可能通过改变种群平衡、水平转移或调节免疫等几种方式导致向发病机制转变。
