Netrabukkana P, Robertson I D, Kasemsuwan S, Wongsathapornchai K, Fenwick S
College of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2016 Feb;63(1):e135-9. doi: 10.1111/tbed.12226. Epub 2014 Apr 16.
Influenza A viruses pose a major public health threat worldwide, especially due to the potential for inter-species transmission. Farmers could be among the first people to be infected with a novel reassortant virus in a pig herd and may serve as a source of the virus for their communities. In this study, the pig production systems of smallholders in rural Thailand were examined to qualitatively evaluate the potential risks that may contribute to the spread of influenza A viruses. The investigation was based on questionnaire interviews regarding pig farmers' practices and trading activities. We found that extensive pig-human contacts, commingling of pigs and chickens and suboptimal biosecurity practices adopted by farmers and traders may constitute substantial risks for inter-species influenza virus transmission, thereby posing a threat to pig populations and human public health. The regular practices of using manure as field fertilizer, hiring boars from outside and trading activities could contribute to the potential spread of influenza viruses in the local community. To mitigate the potential risks of influenza A virus transmission and spread in the local community, it is recommended that appropriate public health strategies and disease prevention policies for farmers and traders should be developed including improving biosecurity, encouraging separation of animals raised on farms and minimizing the exposure between pigs and humans. Furthermore, surveillance systems for pig diseases should be targeted around the festival months, and on-farm identification of pigs should be promoted.
甲型流感病毒对全球公共卫生构成重大威胁，特别是由于存在跨物种传播的可能性。农民可能是猪群中最早感染新型重组病毒的人群之一，并可能成为其所在社区的病毒源。在本研究中，对泰国农村小农户的养猪生产系统进行了调查，以定性评估可能导致甲型流感病毒传播的潜在风险。该调查基于对养猪户的养殖行为和交易活动的问卷调查。我们发现，猪与人的广泛接触、猪与鸡的混养以及农民和贸易商采取的生物安全措施欠佳，可能构成跨物种流感病毒传播的重大风险，从而对猪群和人类公共卫生构成威胁。将粪便用作田间肥料、从外部租用种猪以及交易活动等日常行为可能会促使流感病毒在当地社区传播。为降低甲型流感病毒在当地社区传播和扩散的潜在风险，建议制定针对农民和贸易商的适当公共卫生策略和疾病预防政策，包括改善生物安全措施、鼓励农场养殖动物的隔离以及尽量减少猪与人类之间的接触。此外，应在节日期间加强对猪病的监测系统，并推广农场内猪的标识识别。
