McCormick D A
Trends Neurosci. 1989 Jun;12(6):215-21. doi: 10.1016/0166-2236(89)90125-2.
During periods of drowsiness and synchronized sleep, thalamocortical neuronal activity is dominated by rhythmic oscillations. The shift to waking and attentiveness is associated with an abolition of these rhythms and a marked increase in neuronal responsiveness to synaptic inputs. These shifts in thalamocortical processing are controlled by ascending modulatory neurotransmitter systems of which the cholinergic and noradrenergic components play a key role. By altering the amplitude of specialized potassium currents in thalamic and cortical neurons, acetylcholine and norepinephrine can block the generation of thalamocortical rhythms and promote a state of excitability that is consistent with cognition.
在困倦和同步睡眠期间，丘脑皮质神经元活动以节律性振荡为主导。向清醒和警觉状态的转变与这些节律的消失以及神经元对突触输入反应性的显著增加有关。丘脑皮质处理过程中的这些转变由上行调节性神经递质系统控制，其中胆碱能和去甲肾上腺素能成分起关键作用。通过改变丘脑和皮质神经元中特定钾电流的幅度，乙酰胆碱和去甲肾上腺素可以阻断丘脑皮质节律的产生，并促进与认知一致的兴奋状态。
