UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, , Cape Town, South Africa.
Br J Sports Med. 2014 Jun;48(11):912-8. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2014-093470. Epub 2014 Apr 15.
Cardiac arrest and sudden death during distance-running events have been reported but other medical complications, including serious life-threatening complications have not been well described.
To document the incidence and nature of medical complications during 21 and 56 km running races.
Prospective study.
Two Oceans Marathon races (21 and 56 km races).
65 865 race starters (39 511-21 km runners, 26 354-56 km runners).
Medical complications (defined as any runner requiring assessment by a doctor at the race medical facility or a local hospital on race day) were recorded in each of the 4 years of the study period. Complications were further subdivided into serious (potentially life-threatening) complications and deaths and were also analysed by system and final diagnosis.
In the 4 years, 545 medical complications were recorded, resulting in an overall incidence (per 1000 race starters) of 8.27. The incidence of serious (potentially life-threatening) medical complications was 0.56 (37 serious complications). Two deaths occurred in 21 km runners (incidence of 0.05). The most common specific medical complications were exercise-associated collapse (postural hypotension), dermatological conditions, musculoskeletal injuries and serious exercise-associated muscle cramping.
The incidence of medical complications was higher in 56 km runners but sudden cardiac deaths only occurred in 21 km runners. Serious medical complications were as common in 21 km as in 56 km runners. Risk factors for medical complications need to be determined in 21 and 56 km runners to plan strategies to reduce the risk of adverse medical events in endurance runners.
已报道过在长跑赛事中发生心搏骤停和猝死的案例，但其他医学并发症，包括严重危及生命的并发症尚未得到充分描述。
记录 21 公里和 56 公里跑步比赛中出现的医疗并发症的发生率和性质。
前瞻性研究。
双洋马拉松赛（21 公里和 56 公里比赛）。
65865 名比赛起跑者（39511-21 公里跑者，26354-56 公里跑者）。
在研究期间的 4 年中，记录了每个比赛中出现的医疗并发症（定义为任何需要在比赛医疗设施或比赛日当地医院接受医生评估的跑者）。并发症进一步细分为严重（可能危及生命）并发症和死亡，并根据系统和最终诊断进行分析。
在 4 年中，共记录了 545 例医疗并发症，总发生率（每 1000 名起跑者）为 8.27%。严重（可能危及生命）医疗并发症的发生率为 0.56%（37 例严重并发症）。21 公里跑者中有 2 例死亡（发生率为 0.05%）。最常见的特定医疗并发症是运动相关晕厥（体位性低血压）、皮肤病、肌肉骨骼损伤和严重运动相关肌肉痉挛。
56 公里跑者的医疗并发症发生率较高，但只有 21 公里跑者发生心源性猝死。21 公里和 56 公里跑者的严重医疗并发症发生率相当。需要在 21 公里和 56 公里跑者中确定医疗并发症的风险因素，以制定策略来降低耐力跑者不良医疗事件的风险。
