Hoffman Martin D, Khodaee Morteza, Nudell Nikiah G, Pasternak Andrew
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service (117), Department of Veterans Affairs, Sacramento VA Medical Center, Northern California Health Care System, 10535 Hospital Way, Sacramento, CA, 95655-1200, USA.
Department Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA.
Sports Med. 2020 May;50(5):871-884. doi: 10.1007/s40279-020-01272-1.
Participation in ultramarathons continues to grow, especially among older individuals and among younger runners who may have less running and wilderness experience than many past participants. While ultramarathons tend to have relatively few serious medical issues, adverse medical incidents do occur. These factors make it increasingly important that appropriate safety precautions and medical support are defined and implemented at these events to enhance the safety of participants, spectators, and volunteers. This document establishes the minimum recommended level of medical support that should be available at ultramarathons based on current knowledge and the experience of the authors. It offers a balance that is intended to avoid excessive stress on the local medical system while also precluding undue burden on events to provide medical support beyond that which is practical. We propose a three-level classification system to define the extent of medical services, personnel, systems, supplies, and equipment in place and recommend the level of medical support based on event size, distance/duration, remoteness, and environmental conditions that may be encountered during the event. This document also outlines the recommended education and training of medical providers and discusses other medical and logistical considerations related to the provision of medical support at ultramarathons. We suggest that ultramarathon organizers review and adopt these recommendations to enhance safety and reduce the risk of adverse events to participants.
超级马拉松的参与人数持续增长，尤其是在老年人以及一些年轻跑者当中，这些年轻跑者可能比过去的许多参与者拥有更少的跑步和野外经验。虽然超级马拉松往往较少出现严重的医疗问题，但不良医疗事件确实会发生。这些因素使得在这些赛事中确定并实施适当的安全预防措施和医疗支持变得越来越重要，以提高参与者、观众和志愿者的安全性。本文档根据当前知识和作者的经验，确定了超级马拉松赛事应具备的最低推荐医疗支持水平。它提供了一种平衡，旨在避免给当地医疗系统带来过大压力，同时也避免赛事承担超出实际可行范围的医疗支持负担。我们提出了一个三级分类系统，以界定现有的医疗服务、人员、系统、物资和设备的范围，并根据赛事规模、距离/时长、偏远程度以及赛事期间可能遇到的环境条件，推荐相应的医疗支持水平。本文档还概述了对医疗服务提供者的推荐教育和培训内容，并讨论了与超级马拉松赛事医疗支持相关的其他医疗和后勤考虑因素。我们建议超级马拉松赛事组织者审查并采纳这些建议，以提高安全性并降低参与者发生不良事件的风险。
