Sato Miki, Tadaka Etsuko, Arimoto Azusa
Faculty of Nursing and Medical Care, Keio University.
Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 2014;61(3):121-9. doi: 10.11236/jph.61.3_121.
The factors associated with loneliness in adults and elderly people have been revealed in previous studies. However, much less is known about these factors for mothers with infants. This article investigates the individual and environmental factors associated with loneliness among mothers with 4-month-old or 18-month-old infants in an urban area in Japan.
This cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-reported questionnaire survey. Multiple linear regression analyses were undertaken with loneliness (UCLA Loneliness Scale Version 3) as the dependent variable; and demographics, individual factors (internal working model, child-care burden), and environmental factors (social network) as independent variables.
The study population consisted of 125 mothers with 4-month-old infants and 123 mothers with 18-month-old infants who visited a Ward B health center in city A in 2012. Mothers of the 4-month-old infants with higher loneliness scores were significantly more likely to have an ambivalent type (β=.354, P<.001) or avoidant type (β=.331, P<.001) of internal working model, greater child-care burden (β=.180, P<.05), and a smaller social network of family (β=-.144, P<.05) and child-rearing friends (β=-.255, P<.01). Mothers of 18-month-old infants with higher loneliness scores were significantly more likely to have lower subjective health (β=-.191, P<.01), an ambivalent type (β=.297, P<.001) or avoidant type (β=.190, P<.05) of internal working model, greater child-care burden (β=.283, P<.001), and a smaller social network of child-rearing friends (β=-.213, P<.01).
To prevent loneliness in mothers, it is important to build mothers' human relations through childcare, to enhance their ability to take advantage of childcare while receiving support, and to support community organizations for mothers with infants.
以往研究揭示了成年人和老年人孤独感的相关因素。然而，对于有婴儿的母亲，这些因素却鲜为人知。本文调查了日本某城市地区有4个月或18个月大婴儿的母亲孤独感的个体和环境因素。
本横断面研究采用自填式问卷调查。以孤独感（UCLA孤独量表第3版）为因变量，进行多元线性回归分析；以人口统计学、个体因素（内部工作模式、育儿负担）和环境因素（社会网络）为自变量。
研究对象包括2012年访问A市B区健康中心的125名有4个月大婴儿的母亲和123名有18个月大婴儿的母亲。孤独感得分较高的4个月大婴儿的母亲更有可能具有矛盾型（β = 0.354，P < 0.001）或回避型（β = 0.331，P < 0.001）的内部工作模式、更大的育儿负担（β = 0.180，P < 0.05）以及较小的家庭社会网络（β = -0.144，P < 0.05）和育儿朋友社会网络（β = -0.255，P < 0.01）。孤独感得分较高的18个月大婴儿的母亲更有可能主观健康状况较差（β = -0.191，P < 0.01）、具有矛盾型（β = 0.297，P < 0.001）或回避型（β = 0.190，P < 0.05）的内部工作模式、更大的育儿负担（β = 0.283，P < 0.001）以及较小的育儿朋友社会网络（β = -0.213，P < 0.01）。
为预防母亲的孤独感，通过育儿建立母亲的人际关系、提高她们在获得支持的同时利用育儿资源的能力以及支持面向有婴儿母亲的社区组织非常重要。
