Department of Community Health Nursing, Division of Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
BMC Womens Health. 2019 Jul 26;19(1):105. doi: 10.1186/s12905-019-0792-4.
Mothers with infants and toddlers are a potential target population for the prevention or alleviation of feelings of loneliness. However, the theory and methods for measuring loneliness among mothers with infants and toddlers have yet to be standardized worldwide, including in Japan. Our goal was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the UCLA Loneliness Scale Version 3 (UCLA-LS3-J), as well as two short-form versions-the 10-item UCLA-LS3 (SF-10) and the 3-item UCLA-LS3 (SF-3)-for the measurement of loneliness in mothers with infants and toddlers in Japan.
This cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-report questionnaire. The target population was 430 mothers with infants and toddlers who visited a community health center in Yokohama City in Japan. Questionnaire items encompassed the UCLA-LS3-J, as well as demographic data, the feeling for childrearing scale, and measures of social networks and subjective health status. The reliability and validity of the UCLA-LS3-J and its two short-form versions (SF-3 and SF-10) were determined via IBM SPSS Amos and SPSS Statistics 22.
Questionnaires were returned by 248 mothers (valid response rate: 57.7%) aged 32.7 ± 4.6 (mean ± SD) years. The mean score on the UCLA-LS3-J was 38.4 ± 9.7 (range 20.0-73.0), with a normal distribution. When confirmatory factor analysis was carried out (for a single factor model), the goodness of fit of the model was almost identical to that of the original UCLA-LS3 version for the UCLA-LS3-J: (GFI = 0.882, AGFI = 0.840, CFI = 0.932, RMSEA = 0.066) and SF-10: (GFI = 0.942, AGFI = 0.900, CFI = 0.956, RMSEA = 0.081). The SF-3 model also showed an acceptable fit. The UCLA-LS3-J total score was significantly correlated with the total score on the SF-10 (r = 0.965) and SF-3 (r = 0.868). The Cronbach's α coefficient of the UCLA-LS3-J was 0.926, while those of the SF-10 and SF-3 were 0.888 and 0.790, respectively. The score on the UCLA-LS3-J was positively correlated with childcare burden (r = .319, p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with social networks (r = -.438, p < 0.001).
This study indicated that the reliability and validity of the UCLA-LS3-J as well as its two short-form versions were adequate for assessing loneliness in mothers with infants and toddlers in Japan.
有婴儿和学步期儿童的母亲是预防或减轻孤独感的潜在目标人群。然而，测量有婴儿和学步期儿童的母亲的孤独感的理论和方法尚未在全球范围内得到标准化，包括在日本。我们的目标是评估日本版 UCLA 孤独量表第 3 版（UCLA-LS3-J）以及两个短版版本的可靠性和有效性-10 项 UCLA-LS3（SF-10）和 3 项 UCLA-LS3（SF-3）-用于测量日本有婴儿和学步期儿童的母亲的孤独感。
这项横断面研究使用自我报告问卷进行。目标人群是 430 名有婴儿和学步期儿童的母亲，她们访问了日本横滨市的一个社区健康中心。问卷项目包括 UCLA-LS3-J 以及人口统计学数据、育儿感受量表以及社会网络和主观健康状况的衡量标准。通过 IBM SPSS Amos 和 SPSS Statistics 22 确定了 UCLA-LS3-J 及其两个短版版本（SF-3 和 SF-10）的可靠性和有效性。
共收回 248 名母亲（有效应答率：57.7%）的问卷，年龄为 32.7±4.6（平均值±标准差）岁。UCLA-LS3-J 的平均得分为 38.4±9.7（范围 20.0-73.0），呈正态分布。当进行验证性因素分析（用于单因素模型）时，模型的拟合优度几乎与 UCLA-LS3-J 的原始 UCLA-LS3 版本相同：（GFI=0.882，AGFI=0.840，CFI=0.932，RMSEA=0.066）和 SF-10：（GFI=0.942，AGFI=0.900，CFI=0.956，RMSEA=0.081）。SF-3 模型也表现出可接受的拟合度。UCLA-LS3-J 的总分与 SF-10（r=0.965）和 SF-3（r=0.868）的总分显著相关。UCLA-LS3-J 的克朗巴赫 α 系数为 0.926，而 SF-10 和 SF-3 的系数分别为 0.888 和 0.790。UCLA-LS3-J 的得分与育儿负担呈正相关（r=0.319，p<0.001），与社会网络呈负相关（r=-0.438，p<0.001）。
本研究表明，UCLA-LS3-J 及其两个短版版本的可靠性和有效性足以评估日本有婴儿和学步期儿童的母亲的孤独感。
