Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Laboratory of Pesticides' Toxicology, 8 St. Delta Street, Kifissia, 14561 Athens, Greece.
Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Laboratory of Pesticides' Residues, 8 St. Delta Street, Kifissia, 14561 Athens, Greece.
Sci Total Environ. 2014 Jul 1;485-486:633-642. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.042. Epub 2014 Apr 17.
The aim of this study was to investigate reported cases of honeybee death incidents with regard to the potential interrelation to the exposure to pesticides. Thus honeybee, bee pollen and honey samples from different areas of Greece were analyzed for the presence of pesticide residues. In this context an LC-ESI-MS/MS multiresidue method of total 115 analytes of different chemical classes such as neonicotinoids, organophosphates, triazoles, carbamates, dicarboximides and dinitroanilines in honeybee bodies, honey and bee pollen was developed and validated. The method presents good linearity over the ranges assayed with correlation coefficient values r(2)≥0.99, recoveries ranging for all matrices from 59 to 117% and precision (RSD%) values ranging from 4 to 27%. LOD and LOQ values ranged - for honeybees, honey and bee pollen - from 0.03 to 23.3 ng/g matrix weight and 0.1 up to 78 ng/g matrix weight, respectively. Therefore this method is sufficient to act as a monitoring tool for the determination of pesticide residues in cases of suspected honeybee poisoning incidents. From the analysis of the samples the presence of 14 active substances was observed in all matrices with concentrations ranging for honeybees from 0.3 to 81.5 ng/g, for bee pollen from 6.1 to 1273 ng/g and for honey one sample was positive to carbendazim at 1.6 ng/g. The latter confirmed the presence of such type of compounds in honeybee body and apicultural products.
本研究旨在调查与接触农药有关的蜜蜂死亡报告案例，因此分析了来自希腊不同地区的蜜蜂、蜂花粉和蜂蜜样本中农药残留情况。在此背景下，建立并验证了一种用于蜜蜂、蜂蜜和蜂花粉中 115 种不同化学类别的 115 种农药多残留的 LC-ESI-MS/MS 方法，包括新烟碱类、有机磷类、三唑类、氨基甲酸酯类、二羧甲酰亚胺类和二硝甲酰胺类。该方法在测定范围内具有良好的线性关系，相关系数 r(2)≥0.99，回收率在所有基质中为 59%至 117%，精密度（RSD%）值在 4%至 27%之间。LOD 和 LOQ 值在 0.03 至 23.3ng/g 基质重量和 0.1 至 78ng/g 基质重量之间变化，因此该方法足以作为疑似蜜蜂中毒事件中农药残留检测的监测工具。从样本分析来看，所有基质中均存在 14 种活性物质，蜜蜂中浓度为 0.3 至 81.5ng/g，蜂花粉中浓度为 6.1 至 1273ng/g，蜂蜜中一个样本中存在多菌灵，浓度为 1.6ng/g。后者证实了此类化合物在蜜蜂和蜂产品中的存在。
