Lieberman A P, Pitha P M, Shin H S, Shin M L
Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Aug;86(16):6348-52. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.16.6348.
Rat astrocytes, immunologically competent glial cells of the central nervous system (CNS), released a variety of cytokines after activation. Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated astrocytes produced tumor necrosis factor (TNF) as demonstrated by Northern blot analysis using a mouse TNF probe and by functional assay. Biological activity of rat astrocyte-derived TNF was neutralized by rabbit antiserum against recombinant murine TNF. Stimulation of astrocytes by lipopolysaccharide also activated the interleukin 1 and interleukin 6 genes. We have also investigated whether a neurotropic paramyxovirus, Newcastle disease virus, triggers cytokine production by astrocytes. This virus induced astrocytes to produce TNF, lymphotoxin, interleukin 6, and alpha- and beta-interferons. Thus, stimulation by endotoxin and virus activated distinct, yet overlapping, sets of cytokine genes. We propose that astrocytes and the cytokines they produce may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of immunologically and/or virally mediated CNS disease, in CNS intercellular communication, and in the interactions between the nervous and immune systems.
大鼠星形胶质细胞是中枢神经系统（CNS）具有免疫活性的神经胶质细胞，激活后可释放多种细胞因子。使用小鼠肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）探针进行Northern印迹分析以及功能测定均表明，脂多糖刺激的星形胶质细胞可产生TNF。大鼠星形胶质细胞源性TNF的生物活性可被兔抗重组鼠TNF抗血清中和。脂多糖对星形胶质细胞的刺激还激活了白细胞介素1和白细胞介素6基因。我们还研究了嗜神经性副粘病毒——新城疫病毒是否会触发星形胶质细胞产生细胞因子。该病毒诱导星形胶质细胞产生TNF、淋巴毒素、白细胞介素6以及α和β干扰素。因此，内毒素和病毒的刺激激活了不同但有重叠的细胞因子基因组合。我们认为，星形胶质细胞及其产生的细胞因子可能在免疫和/或病毒介导的中枢神经系统疾病的发病机制、中枢神经系统细胞间通讯以及神经和免疫系统之间的相互作用中发挥重要作用。
