Gebremedhn Endale Gebreegziabher, Nagaratnam Vidhya Bates
Department of Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gonder, Ethiopia,
World J Surg. 2014 Sep;38(9):2200-4. doi: 10.1007/s00268-014-2582-3.
Preoperative fasting is a requisite before anesthesia. The main reason for preoperative fasting is to reduce gastric volume and acidity and thus decrease the risk of pulmonary aspiration. However, preoperative fasting is usually prolonged beyond the recommended time for various reasons. Despite the many adverse effects of prolonged fasting, patients sometimes fasted for a prolonged time when surgery was delayed for different reasons at the University of Gondar Hospital. The aim of this study was to assess the duration of preoperative fasting for elective surgery.
A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 10 to April 10, 2013. Patients were interviewed 24 h after surgery. All 43 patients who were under anesthesia while operated on during the study period were included.
Of the 43 patients included in the study, 35 were adults and 8 were children. The minimum, maximum, and mean fasting hours for food were 5, 96, and 19.60, respectively, and more than 50 % of the patients fasted from food twice as long as recommended. The minimum, maximum, and mean fasting hours for fluid were 5, 19, and 12.72, respectively. More than 95 % of the patients fasted from fluid longer than recommended.
Most patients fasted from both food (92 %) and fluid (95 %) longer than the fasting time recommended by the AAGBI, ASA, RCOA, and RCN fasting guidelines. Anesthetists, surgeons, and nurses need to revise operation lists every day in the operating theatres and resuscitate the patients when surgery is delayed for various reasons. A preoperative fasting guideline should be developed and implemented in the University of Gondar Hospital.
术前禁食是麻醉前的必要准备。术前禁食的主要原因是减少胃内容物量和酸度，从而降低肺误吸风险。然而，由于各种原因，术前禁食时间通常会延长至超出推荐时间。尽管长时间禁食有诸多不良影响，但在贡德尔大学医院，当手术因不同原因推迟时，患者有时仍会禁食很长时间。本研究的目的是评估择期手术患者的术前禁食时长。
于2013年3月10日至4月10日进行了一项横断面研究。术后24小时对患者进行访谈。纳入了研究期间接受麻醉手术的所有43例患者。
在纳入研究的43例患者中，35例为成年人，8例为儿童。食物的最短、最长和平均禁食小时数分别为5小时、96小时和19.60小时，超过50%的患者食物禁食时间是推荐时间的两倍。液体的最短、最长和平均禁食小时数分别为5小时、19小时和12.72小时。超过95%的患者液体禁食时间超过推荐时间。
大多数患者（92%）食物和（95%）液体的禁食时间长于英国麻醉医师协会、美国麻醉医师协会、皇家麻醉学院和皇家护理学院禁食指南推荐的时间。麻醉医生、外科医生和护士需要每天在手术室修订手术安排表，当手术因各种原因推迟时对患者进行复苏。贡德尔大学医院应制定并实施术前禁食指南。
