Ziegler Ekhard E
Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
World Rev Nutr Diet. 2014;110:215-27. doi: 10.1159/000358470. Epub 2014 Apr 11.
Human milk contains numerous immune-protective components that protect the premature infant from sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis. Because of these protective effects, human milk is the feeding of choice for the premature infant. However, human milk does not provide adequate amounts of most nutrients for premature infants and must therefore be supplemented (fortified) with nutrients. Commercially available fortifiers provide energy and most nutrients in adequate amounts. The exception is protein, which is present in expressed milk in highly variable amounts and which is not provided in sufficient amounts by most fortifiers. Some liquid fortifiers are higher in protein content than powder fortifiers and provide adequate amounts of protein.
母乳含有多种免疫保护成分，可保护早产儿免受败血症和坏死性小肠结肠炎的侵害。由于这些保护作用，母乳是早产儿的首选喂养方式。然而，母乳不能为早产儿提供足够量的大多数营养素，因此必须补充（强化）营养素。市售的强化剂可提供足够量的能量和大多数营养素。蛋白质是个例外，其在挤出的母乳中的含量变化很大，并且大多数强化剂都不能提供足够量的蛋白质。一些液体强化剂的蛋白质含量高于粉末强化剂，能提供足够量的蛋白质。
