De Palma Giada, Collins Stephen M, Bercik Premysl, Verdu Elena F
Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
J Physiol. 2014 Jul 15;592(14):2989-97. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.273995. Epub 2014 Apr 22.
The gut-brain axis is the bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain, which occurs through multiple pathways that include hormonal, neural and immune mediators. The signals along this axis can originate in the gut, the brain or both, with the objective of maintaining normal gut function and appropriate behaviour. In recent years, the study of gut microbiota has become one of the most important areas in biomedical research. Attention has focused on the role of gut microbiota in determining normal gut physiology and immunity and, more recently, on its role as modulator of host behaviour ('microbiota-gut-brain axis'). We therefore review the literature on the role of gut microbiota in gut homeostasis and link it with mechanisms that could influence behaviour. We discuss the association of dysbiosis with disease, with particular focus on functional bowel disorders and their relationship to psychological stress. This is of particular interest because exposure to stressors has long been known to increase susceptibility to and severity of gastrointestinal diseases.
肠-脑轴是肠道与大脑之间的双向通信，它通过多种途径发生，这些途径包括激素、神经和免疫介质。沿此轴的信号可起源于肠道、大脑或两者，目的是维持正常的肠道功能和适当行为。近年来，肠道微生物群的研究已成为生物医学研究中最重要的领域之一。注意力集中在肠道微生物群在决定正常肠道生理和免疫方面的作用，以及最近在其作为宿主行为调节因子（“微生物群-肠-脑轴”）方面的作用。因此，我们回顾了关于肠道微生物群在肠道稳态中的作用的文献，并将其与可能影响行为的机制联系起来。我们讨论了生态失调与疾病的关联，特别关注功能性肠病及其与心理压力的关系。这一点特别有趣，因为长期以来人们都知道暴露于应激源会增加患胃肠道疾病的易感性和严重程度。
