Whitfield A K, Becker A
South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; Institute for Environmental Studies, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2014 Jun 15;83(1):24-31. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.03.055. Epub 2014 Apr 20.
A considerable amount of research has been conducted on the impacts of recreational boating activities on fishes but little or no synthesis of the information has been undertaken. This review shows that motor boats impact on the biology and ecology of fishes but the effects vary according to the species and even particular size classes. Direct hits on fishes by propellers are an obvious impact but this aspect has been poorly documented. Alterations in the wave climate and water turbidity may also influence fishes and their habitats, especially submerged and emergent plant beds. Sound generated by boat motors can also influence the communication and behaviour of certain species. Pollution arising from fuel spillages, exhaust emissions and antifouling paints all have detrimental effects on fishes. Finally, the use of recreational boats as vectors of aquatic invasive organisms is very real and has created major problems to the ecology of aquatic systems.
关于休闲划船活动对鱼类的影响,已经开展了大量研究,但对这些信息的综合整理却很少或几乎没有进行。本综述表明,机动船会对鱼类的生物学和生态学产生影响,但其影响因物种甚至特定的体型类别而异。螺旋桨直接撞击鱼类是一种明显的影响,但这方面的记录很少。波浪气候和水体浊度的变化也可能影响鱼类及其栖息地,尤其是淹没和露出水面的植物床。船用发动机产生的声音也会影响某些物种的交流和行为。燃料泄漏、废气排放和防污涂料产生的污染都会对鱼类产生有害影响。最后,休闲船作为水生入侵生物的传播媒介,这一情况非常真实,已经给水生系统的生态造成了重大问题。