Haase Ilka, Gräwert Tobias, Illarionov Boris, Bacher Adelbert, Fischer Markus
Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany.
Methods Mol Biol. 2014;1146:15-40. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0452-5_2.
Riboflavin is biosynthesized from GTP and ribulose 5-phosphate. Whereas the early reactions conducing to 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione 5'-phosphate show significant taxonomic variation, the subsequent reaction steps are universal in all taxonomic kingdoms. With the exception of a hitherto elusive phosphatase, all enzymes of the pathway have been characterized in some detail at the structural and mechanistic level. Some of the pathway enzymes (GTP cycloyhdrolase II, 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 4-phosphate synthase, riboflavin synthase) have exceptionally complex reaction mechanisms. The commercial production of the vitamin is now entirely based on highly productive fermentation processes. Due to their absence in animals, the pathway enzymes are potential targets for the development of novel anti-infective drugs.
核黄素由鸟苷三磷酸（GTP）和5-磷酸核糖合成。虽然导致5-氨基-6-核糖基氨基-2,4（1H，3H）-嘧啶二酮5'-磷酸的早期反应存在显著的分类学差异，但随后的反应步骤在所有生物分类界中都是通用的。除了一种迄今难以捉摸的磷酸酶外，该途径的所有酶在结构和机制层面都已得到了一定程度的详细表征。该途径中的一些酶（GTP环化水解酶II、3,4-二羟基-2-丁酮4-磷酸合酶、核黄素合酶）具有异常复杂的反应机制。目前，这种维生素的商业生产完全基于高产发酵工艺。由于动物体内不存在这些途径酶，它们是开发新型抗感染药物的潜在靶点。
