Jones Nicola, Riby Leigh M, Mitchell Rachel L C, Smith Michael A
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Northumberland Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom.
Curr Diabetes Rev. 2014 Mar;10(2):118-23. doi: 10.2174/1573399810666140425160811.
The most robust and frequently reported cognitive deficits in type 2 diabetes (DM2) are those that relate to memory. Behavioural research has identified a number of potential contributory physiological factors, including abnormalities in glucose metabolism, such as hyperglycaemia and hypoglycaemia. The impact of these mechanisms on memory has been further investigated through the use of both structural and functional neuroimaging. Structural brain imaging has indicated that memory impairments in DM2 are associated with global atrophy of the brain. Further data suggest that localised atrophy in the hippocampal area, a brain region critical to memory formation and consolidation, may be primarily responsible for the memory deficits seen in this population. Functional imaging data has corroborates these findings, with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) suggesting reduced connectivity between the hippocampus and surrounding brain regions, particularly the frontal and temporal gyri. Despite this, little functional neuroimaging research has directly investigated differences in regional brain activity between healthy and DM2 participants whilst memory tasks are being performed. By using neuroimaging techniques to their full potential, we can acquire a fuller, more comprehensive picture of the impact that DM2 has on memory.
2型糖尿病（DM2）中最显著且经常被报道的认知缺陷是与记忆相关的缺陷。行为研究已经确定了一些潜在的生理因素，包括葡萄糖代谢异常，如高血糖和低血糖。通过使用结构和功能神经影像学进一步研究了这些机制对记忆的影响。结构性脑成像表明，DM2中的记忆障碍与大脑整体萎缩有关。进一步的数据表明，海马区的局部萎缩，这是一个对记忆形成和巩固至关重要的脑区，可能是该人群中记忆缺陷的主要原因。功能成像数据证实了这些发现，功能磁共振成像（fMRI）表明海马体与周围脑区，特别是额叶和颞叶回之间的连接减少。尽管如此，很少有功能神经影像学研究直接调查健康参与者和DM2参与者在执行记忆任务时脑区活动的差异。通过充分发挥神经影像学技术的潜力，我们可以更全面、更完整地了解DM2对记忆的影响。
