Birnie L H W, Smallwood J, Reay J, Riby L M
Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Northumberland Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2015 Aug;232(16):2903-10. doi: 10.1007/s00213-015-3926-x. Epub 2015 Apr 18.
RATIONALE/OBJECTIVES: The impact of raising glycaemia by ingestion of a glucose drink has revealed cognitive facilitation, particularly for memory and attention. This study aimed to extend current knowledge by examining, for the first time, whether glucose load also moderates task-related (TRT) and task-unrelated thoughts (TUT) during activities that vary in their requirement for sustained attention.
A 2 (25 g glucose vs. placebo) × 2 (fast vs. slow version of the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART)) repeated measures, counterbalanced design was used with 16 healthy adults. Self-report questionnaires probed participants' levels of TRT and TUT during SART performance. Prior to testing, the Short Imaginal Processes Inventory (SIPI) was also administered to help pinpoint the nature of thought processes during the task before and after treatment.
Analysis of variance revealed no significant effect of treatment; however, we report a pattern of results that is consistent with glucose facilitation effects on task accuracy for more demanding attention tasks (d = 0.56). Additionally, glucose improved the monitoring and task reflection as measured by TRT (d = 0.33) in the more demanding task but no effect on TUT. Probing the nature of thought processes further, we also report two novel correlations (in the placebo) between fears of failure (indexed by the SIPI) and the number of TUT episodes and perceived poor attention control (indexed by the SIPI) and number of TUT and speculate that glucose may act to buffer against TUT episodes under externally demanding situations.
These data extend previous research examining the glucose facilitation effect to the processing of internal thought processes.
原理/目的：摄入葡萄糖饮料导致血糖升高已显示出对认知功能的促进作用，尤其是对记忆和注意力。本研究旨在通过首次检验在持续注意力要求不同的活动中，葡萄糖负荷是否也会调节与任务相关的（TRT）和与任务无关的思维（TUT），来扩展现有知识。
采用2（25克葡萄糖与安慰剂）×2（持续注意力反应任务（SART）的快速版与慢速版）重复测量、平衡设计，共有16名健康成年人参与。自我报告问卷探究了参与者在执行SART任务期间的TRT和TUT水平。在测试前，还进行了简短想象过程量表（SIPI）测试，以帮助确定治疗前后任务期间思维过程的性质。
方差分析显示治疗没有显著效果；然而，我们报告了一种结果模式，与葡萄糖对要求更高注意力任务的任务准确性的促进作用一致（d = 0.56）。此外，在要求更高的任务中，葡萄糖改善了通过TRT测量的监测和任务反思（d = 0.33），但对TUT没有影响。进一步探究思维过程的性质，我们还报告了两个新的相关性（在安慰剂组中），即失败恐惧（由SIPI索引）与TUT发作次数之间的相关性，以及感知到的注意力控制不佳（由SIPI索引）与TUT次数之间的相关性，并推测葡萄糖可能在外部要求较高的情况下起到缓冲TUT发作的作用。
这些数据将先前研究中对葡萄糖促进作用的考察扩展到了内部思维过程的处理。
