e Silva Alexandre de Souza, da Mota Maria Paula Gonçalves
Universidade Trás-os-Montes Alto Douro, CIDESD, Vila Real, Portugal,
Amino Acids. 2014 Aug;46(8):1795-804. doi: 10.1007/s00726-014-1741-z. Epub 2014 Apr 26.
Homocysteine is an amino acid produced in the liver that, when present in high concentrations, is thought to contribute to plaque formation and, consequently, increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, daily physical activity and training programs may contribute to controlling atherosclerosis. Given that physical exercise induces changes in protein and amino acid metabolism, it is important to understand whether homocysteine levels are also affected by exercise and to determine possible underlying mechanisms. Moreover, regarding the possible characteristics of different training programs (intensity, duration, repetition, volume), it becomes prudent to determine which types of exercise reduce homocysteine levels. To these ends, a systematic review was conducted to examine the effects of daily physical activity and different training programs on homocysteine levels. EndNote(®) was used to locate articles on the PubMed database from 2002 to 2013 with the keyword combinations "physical activity and homocysteine", "training and homocysteine", and/or "exercise and homocysteine". After 34 studies were identified, correlative and comparative studies of homocysteine levels revealed lower levels in patients engaged in greater quantities of daily physical activity. Regarding the acute effects of exercise, all studies reported increased homocysteine levels. Concerning intervention studies with training programs, aerobic training programs used different methods and analyses that complicate making any conclusion, though resistance training programs induced decreased homocysteine levels. In conclusion, this review suggests that greater daily physical activity is associated with lower homocysteine levels and that exercise programs could positively affect homocysteine control.
同型半胱氨酸是肝脏产生的一种氨基酸，当它处于高浓度时，被认为会促进斑块形成，进而增加心血管疾病的风险。然而，日常体育活动和训练计划可能有助于控制动脉粥样硬化。鉴于体育锻炼会引起蛋白质和氨基酸代谢的变化，了解同型半胱氨酸水平是否也受运动影响并确定可能的潜在机制很重要。此外，考虑到不同训练计划（强度、持续时间、重复次数、运动量）的可能特点，确定哪种类型的运动能降低同型半胱氨酸水平就显得很谨慎。为此，进行了一项系统综述，以研究日常体育活动和不同训练计划对同型半胱氨酸水平的影响。使用EndNote(®)在PubMed数据库中查找2002年至2013年期间关键词组合为“体育活动和同型半胱氨酸”、“训练和同型半胱氨酸”以及/或者“运动和同型半胱氨酸”的文章。在识别出34项研究后，对同型半胱氨酸水平的相关性和比较性研究表明，日常体育活动量较大的患者其同型半胱氨酸水平较低。关于运动的急性影响，所有研究均报告同型半胱氨酸水平升高。关于训练计划的干预研究，有氧训练计划采用了不同的方法和分析，这使得难以得出任何结论，不过抗阻训练计划可使同型半胱氨酸水平降低。总之，本综述表明，日常体育活动量越大，同型半胱氨酸水平越低，并且运动计划可能会对同型半胱氨酸的控制产生积极影响。
