Chokrungvaranont Prayuth, Selvaggi Gennaro, Jindarak Sirachai, Angspatt Apichai, Pungrasmi Pornthep, Suwajo Poonpismai, Tiewtranon Preecha
Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
Department of Plastic Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg Gröna Stråket 8, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden.
ScientificWorldJournal. 2014 Mar 19;2014:182981. doi: 10.1155/2014/182981. eCollection 2014.
This paper reviews the development of gender reassignment in Thailand during the period of 1975-2012, in terms of social attitude, epidemiology, surgical patients' profile, law and regulation, religion, and patients' path from psychiatric assessment to surgery. Thailand healthcare for transsexual patients is described. Figures related to the number of sex reassignment surgeries performed in Thailand over the past 30 years are reported. Transsexual individuals are only apparently integrated within the Thail society: the law system of Thailand in fact, does not guarantee to transsexuals the same rights as in other Western countries; the governmental healthcare does not offer free treatments for transsexual patients. In favor of the transsexual healthcare, instead, the Medical Council of Thailand recently published a policy entitled "Criteria for the treatment of sex change, Census 2009." The goal of this policy was to improve the care of transsexual patients in Thailand, by implementing the Standards of Care of the World Professional Association of Transgender Health. Currently, in Thailand, there are 6 major private groups performing sex reassignment surgery, and mostly performing surgery to patients coming from abroad. Particularly, the largest of these (Preecha's group) has performed nearly 3000 vaginoplasties for male-to-female transsexuals in the last 30 years.
本文回顾了1975年至2012年期间泰国性别重置的发展情况，涉及社会态度、流行病学、外科手术患者概况、法律法规、宗教以及患者从精神评估到手术的过程。文中描述了泰国为变性者患者提供的医疗保健服务。报告了泰国过去30年中进行性别重置手术的数量相关数据。变性者个体在泰国社会中只是表面上融入其中：事实上，泰国的法律体系并不保证变性者享有与其他西方国家相同的权利；政府医疗保健机构不为变性者患者提供免费治疗。然而，为了支持变性者医疗保健，泰国医学委员会最近发布了一项名为《性别改变治疗标准，2009年普查》的政策。该政策的目标是通过实施世界跨性别健康专业协会的护理标准来改善泰国变性者患者的护理。目前，泰国有6个主要的私人团体进行性别重置手术，且大多为来自国外的患者实施手术。特别是其中最大的一个团体（普雷查团体）在过去30年里为男变女的变性者实施了近3000例阴道成形术。
