The Netherlands Institute for Social Research, PO Box 16164, 2500 BD, The Hague, The Netherlands,
Arch Sex Behav. 2014 Feb;43(2):377-85. doi: 10.1007/s10508-013-0140-y. Epub 2013 Jul 16.
Several studies estimate the prevalence of gender dysphoria among adults by examining the number of individuals turning to health services. Since individuals might be hesitant to seek medical care related to gender dysphoria, these studies could underestimate the prevalence. The studies also lack information regarding the variance among different aspects of gender dysphoric conditions. Therefore, the current study estimated the prevalence by examining self-reported gender identity and dysphoria in a Dutch population sample (N = 8,064, aged 15-70 years old). Three measures assessed aspects of gender dysphoria: gender identity, dislike of the natal female/male body, and wish to obtain hormones/sex reassignment surgery. Results showed that 4.6 % of the natal men and 3.2 % of the natal women reported an ambivalent gender identity (equal identification with other sex as with sex assigned at birth) and 1.1 % of the natal men and 0.8 % of the natal women reported an incongruent gender identity (stronger identification with other sex as with sex assigned at birth). Lower percentages reported a dislike of their natal body and/or a wish for hormones/surgery. Combining these figures estimated the percentage of men reporting an ambivalent or incongruent gender identity combined with a dislike of their male body and a wish to obtain hormones/surgery at 0.6 %. For women, this was 0.2 %. These novel findings show that studies based on the number of individuals seeking medical care might underestimate the prevalence of gender dysphoria. Furthermore, the findings argue against a dichotomous approach to gender dysphoria.
几项研究通过检查寻求健康服务的个体数量来估计成年性别焦虑症的患病率。由于个体可能对与性别焦虑症相关的医疗有所顾虑，这些研究可能低估了患病率。这些研究还缺乏关于性别焦虑症不同方面差异的信息。因此，本研究通过检查荷兰人群样本（N=8064，年龄在 15-70 岁之间）的自我报告性别认同和性别焦虑症来估计患病率。三种措施评估了性别焦虑症的各个方面：性别认同、对出生时的男性/女性身体的不满以及获得激素/性别重置手术的愿望。结果表明，4.6%的男性和 3.2%的女性报告了矛盾的性别认同（与出生时分配的性别同等认同），1.1%的男性和 0.8%的女性报告了不一致的性别认同（与出生时分配的性别更强认同）。报告对其出生时的身体不满和/或希望获得激素/手术的比例较低。将这些数字结合起来估计报告矛盾或不一致的性别认同以及对男性身体不满和希望获得激素/手术的男性比例为 0.6%。对于女性，这一比例为 0.2%。这些新发现表明，基于寻求医疗的个体数量的研究可能低估了性别焦虑症的患病率。此外，这些发现反对将性别焦虑症视为二分法。
