核酸适配体在癌症中的临床应用
Clinical applications of nucleic acid aptamers in cancer.
作者信息
Pei Xiaoyu, Zhang Jun, Liu Jie
机构信息
Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040;
Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040; ; Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Immunology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.
出版信息
Mol Clin Oncol. 2014 May;2(3):341-348. doi: 10.3892/mco.2014.255. Epub 2014 Feb 10.
Nucleic acid aptamers are small single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotide segments, which bind to their targets with high affinity and specificity via unique three-dimensional structures. Aptamers are generated by an iterative selection process, termed as systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment. Owing to their specificity, non-immunogenicity, non-toxicity, easily modified chemical structure and wide range of targets, aptamers appear to be ideal candidates for various clinical applications (diagnosis or treatment), such as cell detection, target diagnosis, molecular imaging and drug delivery. Several aptamers have entered the clinical pipeline for applications in diseases such as macular degeneration, coronary artery bypass graft surgery and various types of cancer. The aim of this review was to summarize and highlight the clinical applications of aptamers in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
核酸适配体是小的单链DNA或RNA寡核苷酸片段，它们通过独特的三维结构以高亲和力和特异性与其靶标结合。适配体是通过一种迭代筛选过程产生的，称为指数富集配体系统进化技术。由于其特异性、非免疫原性、无毒性、易于修饰的化学结构以及广泛的靶标，适配体似乎是各种临床应用（诊断或治疗）的理想候选物，如细胞检测、靶标诊断、分子成像和药物递送。几种适配体已进入临床阶段，用于黄斑变性、冠状动脉搭桥手术和各种癌症等疾病的治疗。本综述的目的是总结和强调适配体在癌症诊断和治疗中的临床应用。
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