Heidemann C, Niemann H, Paprott R, Du Y, Rathmann W, Scheidt-Nave C
Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
Diabet Med. 2014 Oct;31(10):1269-76. doi: 10.1111/dme.12480. Epub 2014 May 30.
To investigate whether an indicator of overall traffic intensity is related to the risk of Type 2 diabetes in a nationwide cohort.
The study population comprised 3604 adults aged 18-79 years and without diabetes from the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey (GNHIES98, 1997-1999) who participated again in a follow-up survey (DEGS1, 2008-2011). The association between the participants' reported traffic intensity at their residential address and Type 2 diabetes incidence was examined using logistic regression models.
During a mean of 12.1 years of follow-up, 252 of the participants included in the study developed Type 2 diabetes. Compared with people living in traffic-calmed areas, odds ratios were 1.15 (95% CI 0.80-1.67) for people living on moderately busy side streets, 1.11 (95% CI 0.69-1.80) for people living on considerably busy side streets, 1.41 (95% CI 0.96-2.08) for people living on heavily busy roads, and 1.97 (95% CI 1.07-3.64) for people living on extremely busy roads, after adjusting for age, sex, active and passive smoking, type of heating, education, BMI, waist circumference, sport activity and parental diabetes history.
The twofold higher risk of Type 2 diabetes observed for people exposed to intense traffic in this nationwide cohort extends the limited evidence from previous selected populations. Although the underlying traffic-related components and their biological mechanisms still need to be unravelled, traffic exposure control should be considered in public health strategies to reduce the global burden of diabetes.
在全国性队列中研究总体交通强度指标是否与2型糖尿病风险相关。
研究人群包括来自德国国民健康访谈与检查调查（GNHIES98，1997 - 1999年）的3604名18 - 79岁且无糖尿病的成年人，他们再次参与了一项随访调查（DEGS1，2008 - 2011年）。使用逻辑回归模型检验参与者报告的居住地址交通强度与2型糖尿病发病率之间的关联。
在平均12.1年的随访期间，纳入研究的参与者中有252人患2型糖尿病。在调整年龄、性别、主动和被动吸烟、供暖类型、教育程度、体重指数、腰围、体育活动及父母糖尿病史后，与居住在交通平静区域的人相比，居住在中等繁忙支路的人的比值比为1.15（95%置信区间0.80 - 1.67），居住在相当繁忙支路的人为1.11（95%置信区间0.69 - 1.80），居住在繁忙道路的人为1.41（95%置信区间0.96 - 2.08），居住在极其繁忙道路的人为1.97（95%置信区间1.07 - 3.64）。
在这个全国性队列中，暴露于高强度交通的人群患2型糖尿病的风险高出两倍，这扩展了先前特定人群的有限证据。尽管与交通相关的潜在因素及其生物学机制仍有待阐明，但在公共卫生策略中应考虑控制交通暴露，以减轻全球糖尿病负担。
