Fernane F, Cano-Sancho G, Sanchis V, Marín S, Ramos A J
a Applied Mycology Unit, Department of Food Technology , XaRTA-UTPV, University of Lleida , Av. Rovira Roure 191 , E-25198 Lleida , Spain.
Food Addit Contam Part B Surveill. 2010;3(3):185-92. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2010.497257.
A survey of the fungal contamination and occurrence of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A (OTA) in 50 pistachio nut samples collected from commercial stores around Catalonia (Spain) was carried out. Aspergillus flavus was found in 30% of samples, whereas Aspergillus section Nigri, Aspergillus ochraceus, and Penicillium verrucosum were found in 40%, 2% and 26% of samples, respectively. A total of 204 fungal isolates were obtained; 70.8% of A. flavus isolates were able to produce aflatoxin B1 and B2, whereas OTA production capacity was detected in 54.4% of the A. section Nigri biseriate isolates. Aflatoxins were detected in five samples (10% of total), all exceeding the maximum legal limit set for aflatoxin B1 (2 µg kg(-1)) or for total aflatoxins (4 µg kg(-1)), with one sample having a very high level of contamination (1134.5 µg kg(-1)). Only one sample of pistachio showed OTA contamination at 0.67 µg kg(-1). Simultaneous contamination by aflatoxins and OTA was not observed in these samples. It was concluded that the frequency of aflatoxins and OTA contamination in pistachio samples available in the Spanish market is relatively low. Thus, no significant contribution to health risk should be expected from aflatoxin consumption through pistachios among healthy consumers. However, the existence of single samples with an extremely high aflatoxin concentration reinforces the need for effective prevention strategies in pistachio processing and commercialization.
对从西班牙加泰罗尼亚各地商业店铺采集的50份开心果样品进行了真菌污染以及黄曲霉毒素和赭曲霉毒素A（OTA）存在情况的调查。在30%的样品中发现了黄曲霉，而在40%、2%和26%的样品中分别发现了黑曲霉属、赭曲霉和疣孢青霉。共获得204株真菌分离株；70.8%的黄曲霉分离株能够产生黄曲霉毒素B1和B2，而在54.4%的双系列黑曲霉属分离株中检测到了OTA产生能力。在5个样品（占总数的10%）中检测到了黄曲霉毒素，所有样品均超过了黄曲霉毒素B1（2 µg kg⁻¹）或总黄曲霉毒素（4 µg kg⁻¹）规定的法定最大限量，其中一个样品污染水平极高（1134.5 µg kg⁻¹）。只有一个开心果样品显示OTA污染为0.67 µg kg⁻¹。在这些样品中未观察到黄曲霉毒素和OTA的同时污染。得出的结论是，西班牙市场上开心果样品中黄曲霉毒素和OTA污染的频率相对较低。因此，健康消费者通过食用开心果摄入黄曲霉毒素对健康风险的贡献不大。然而，存在黄曲霉毒素浓度极高的单个样品，这进一步凸显了在开心果加工和商业化过程中采取有效预防策略的必要性。
