de Mello Vanessa Derenji Ferreira, Pulkkinen Leena, Lalli Marianne, Kolehmainen Marjukka, Pihlajamäki Jussi, Uusitupa Matti
University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Clinical Nutrition , Kuopio , Finland.
Ann Med. 2014 May;46(3):103-13. doi: 10.3109/07853890.2013.857259. Epub 2014 Apr 30.
To elucidate the mechanisms related to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and other degenerative diseases at a molecular level, a better understanding of the changes in the chromatin structure and the corresponding functional changes in molecular pathways is still needed. For example, persons with low birth weight are at a high risk for development of T2D later in life, suggesting that the intrauterine environment contributes to the disease. One of the hypotheses is that epigenetic regulation, including changes in DNA methylation leading to modifications in chromatin structure, are behind metabolic alterations, e.g. leading to the phenomenon termed metabolic memory. Altered DNA methylation has been shown to affect healthy aging and also to promote age-related health problems. There is suggestive evidence that lifestyle changes including weight loss can have an impact on DNA methylation and consequently gene expression. In this review we provide an overview of human studies investigating DNA methylation in obesity and T2D and associated risk factors behind these diseases.
为了在分子水平上阐明与2型糖尿病（T2D）和其他退行性疾病发展相关的机制，仍需要更好地了解染色质结构的变化以及分子途径中相应的功能变化。例如，低出生体重的人在晚年患T2D的风险很高，这表明子宫内环境与该疾病有关。一种假设是，表观遗传调控，包括导致染色质结构改变的DNA甲基化变化，是代谢改变的背后原因，例如导致所谓的代谢记忆现象。已表明DNA甲基化改变会影响健康衰老，也会促进与年龄相关的健康问题。有证据表明，包括体重减轻在内的生活方式改变会对DNA甲基化产生影响，进而影响基因表达。在这篇综述中，我们概述了研究肥胖和T2D中DNA甲基化以及这些疾病背后相关风险因素的人体研究。
