Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
Clin Epigenetics. 2020 Jul 11;12(1):104. doi: 10.1186/s13148-020-00896-4.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic condition characterised by β cell dysfunction and persistent hyperglycaemia. The disorder can be due to the absence of adequate pancreatic insulin production or a weak cellular response to insulin signalling. Among the three types of DM, namely, type 1 DM (T1DM), type 2 DM (T2DM), and gestational DM (GDM); T2DM accounts for almost 90% of diabetes cases worldwide.Epigenetic traits are stably heritable phenotypes that result from certain changes that affect gene function without altering the gene sequence. While epigenetic traits are considered reversible modifications, they can be inherited mitotically and meiotically. In addition, epigenetic traits can randomly arise in response to environmental factors or certain genetic mutations or lesions, such as those affecting the enzymes that catalyse the epigenetic modification. In this review, we focus on the role of DNA methylation, a type of epigenetic modification, in the pathogenesis of T2DM.
糖尿病（DM）是一种以β细胞功能障碍和持续高血糖为特征的慢性疾病。该疾病可能是由于缺乏足够的胰腺胰岛素产生或细胞对胰岛素信号的反应减弱所致。在三种类型的糖尿病中，即 1 型糖尿病（T1DM）、2 型糖尿病（T2DM）和妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）中；T2DM 约占全球糖尿病病例的 90%。表观遗传特征是稳定遗传的表型，是由某些影响基因功能但不改变基因序列的变化引起的。虽然表观遗传特征被认为是可逆转的修饰，但它们可以通过有丝分裂和减数分裂遗传。此外，表观遗传特征可以随机出现，以响应环境因素或某些基因突变或损伤，例如影响催化表观遗传修饰的酶的基因突变或损伤。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注 DNA 甲基化作为一种表观遗传修饰在 T2DM 发病机制中的作用。
