Lindner Isabel, Drouin Héloïse, Tanguay Annick F N, Stamenova Vessela, Davidson Patrick S R
a Department of Psychology , University of Kassel , Kassel , Germany.
Memory. 2015;23(4):563-76. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2014.911329. Epub 2014 Apr 30.
Whereas source memory involves remembering from whom you have heard something, destination memory involves remembering to whom you have told something. Despite its practical relevance, destination memory has been studied little. Recently, two reports suggested that generally destination memory should be poorer than source memory, and that it should be particularly difficult for older people. We tested these predictions by having young and older participants read sentences to two examiners (destination encoding) and listen to sentences read by two examiners (source encoding), under intentional (Experiment 1) or incidental encoding (Experiments 2 and 3). Only in Experiment 3 (in which cognitive demands during destination encoding were increased) was destination memory significantly poorer than source memory. In none of the experiments were older adults inferior to the young on destination or source memory. Destination- and source-memory scores were significantly correlated. Item memory was consistently superior for sentences that had been read out loud (during destination encoding) versus those that had been heard (during source encoding). Destination memory needs not always be poorer than source memory, appears not to be particularly impaired by normal ageing and may depend on similar processes to those supporting source memory.
源记忆涉及记住你从谁那里听到了某件事，而目标记忆则涉及记住你把某件事告诉了谁。尽管目标记忆具有实际相关性，但对其研究甚少。最近，两份报告表明，一般来说目标记忆应该比源记忆差，而且对老年人来说尤其困难。我们通过让年轻和年长的参与者在有意（实验1）或无意编码（实验2和3）的情况下，向两名考官朗读句子（目标编码）并听两名考官朗读的句子（源编码）来检验这些预测。只有在实验3中（其中目标编码期间的认知需求增加），目标记忆才明显比源记忆差。在所有实验中，老年人在目标记忆或源记忆方面都不比年轻人差。目标记忆和源记忆得分显著相关。对于大声朗读的句子（在目标编码期间）与听到的句子（在源编码期间），项目记忆始终更好。目标记忆不一定总是比源记忆差，似乎不会因正常衰老而特别受损，并且可能依赖于与支持源记忆的过程类似的过程。
