Denning S S, Washburn S P, Watson D W
Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7621.
Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7621.
J Dairy Sci. 2014 Jul;97(7):4624-31. doi: 10.3168/jds.2013-7872. Epub 2014 May 2.
A prototype walk-through fly vacuum system, designed to remove horn flies Haematobia irritans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae) from cattle, was developed and tested for efficacy. The study was conducted during 4 fly seasons over 17 consecutive weeks each year within the months of May through September at 1 dairy research herd in the coastal plain of North Carolina. Additional data on horn flies, as well as face flies (Musca autumnalis) and stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans), were collected during 1 yr from 7 commercial pasture-based and organic dairy farms in the piedmont region of North Carolina. The number of flies observed on animals in the pasture was compared with the number of flies collected in the trap. Studies were initiated after horn fly densities had met or exceeded a threshold of 200 flies per animal. The vacuum trap removed between 1.3 and 2.5 million flies annually from the research station cattle. Most fly removal occurred during the first few weeks of operation and maintained densities below threshold thereafter. Cattle using the fly trap at the research farm had only about 28% the number of horn flies as untreated cattle, and reductions ranged from 67.5 to 74.5% across the 4-yr study. In addition to large numbers of horn flies, traps placed on commercial dairies during 1 yr collected stable flies, face flies, and house flies, all species with differing behavior and larger in size than horn flies. The estimated cost of running the trap is $72 per season at commercial rates of $0.12 per hour and an expected 4h of daily operation during the time of milking. Use of a vacuum system as described herein has potential as a cost-effective method in reducing populations of parasitic flies in pasture-based dairy production systems without the use of insecticides.
一种用于从牛群中清除角蝇（Haematobia irritans (L.)，双翅目：蝇科）的原型遍历式捕蝇真空系统被研发并进行了功效测试。该研究于每年5月至9月期间，在北卡罗来纳州沿海平原的1个奶牛研究群中，连续4个苍蝇季节、每年为期17周进行。在1年的时间里，还从北卡罗来纳州皮埃蒙特地区的7个以牧场为基础的商业奶牛场和有机奶牛场收集了有关角蝇以及厩螫蝇（Musca autumnalis）和厩蝇（Stomoxys calcitrans）的额外数据。将在牧场上动物身上观察到的苍蝇数量与诱捕器中收集到的苍蝇数量进行比较。在角蝇密度达到或超过每头动物200只的阈值后开始研究。该真空诱捕器每年从研究站的牛群中清除130万至250万只苍蝇。大多数苍蝇清除发生在运行的最初几周，此后将密度维持在阈值以下。在研究农场使用捕蝇器的牛身上的角蝇数量仅为未处理牛的约28%，在4年的研究中减少幅度在67.5%至74.5%之间。除了大量的角蝇外，在1年时间里放置在商业奶牛场的诱捕器还收集到了厩蝇、厩螫蝇和家蝇，所有这些物种的行为不同，且体型比角蝇大。按照商业费率每小时0.12美元以及挤奶期间预计每天运行4小时计算，运行该诱捕器的估计成本为每个季节72美元。本文所述的真空系统在不使用杀虫剂的情况下，作为一种具有成本效益的方法，在减少以牧场为基础的奶牛生产系统中寄生蝇数量方面具有潜力。
