Winnall Wendy R, Beasley Matthew D, Center Rob J, Parsons Matthew S, Kiefel Ben R, Kent Stephen J
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Affinity BIO, Small Technologies Cluster, 1 Dalmore Drive, Scoresby, Victoria, Australia.
Immunol Cell Biol. 2014 Aug;92(7):570-7. doi: 10.1038/icb.2014.35. Epub 2014 May 6.
Antibodies are one of our most useful biological tools. Indeed, improvements in antibody-based technologies have ushered in a new era of antibody-based therapeutics, research and diagnostic tools. Although improved technologies have led to the development of therapeutic antibodies for treatment of malignancies and inflammatory conditions, the use of advanced antibody technology in the therapy of viral infections is in its infancy. Non-human primate studies have demonstrated that antibodies against the HIV envelope can both prevent viral infection and control viremia. Despite the obvious potential of antibody therapies against HIV, there remain limitations in production and purification capacity that require further research. Recent advances in recombinant antibody technology have led to the development of a range of novel antibody fragments, such as single-domain nanobodies and bispecific antibodies, that are capable of targeting cancer cells to cytotoxic T cells. Novel antibody production techniques have also been designed, allowing antibodies to be obtained from non-mammalian cells, bovine colostrum and the periplasm and cytoplasm of bacteria. These advances may allow large-scale production of HIV antibodies that are capable of protecting against HIV infection or serving as therapeutics that reduce the need for life-long antiretroviral treatment. This review summarises recent advances in antibody-based technologies and discusses the possibilities and challenges of using these advances to design prophylactics and therapeutics against HIV.
抗体是我们最有用的生物工具之一。事实上，基于抗体的技术进步开创了基于抗体的治疗、研究和诊断工具的新时代。尽管技术的改进已促成用于治疗恶性肿瘤和炎症性疾病的治疗性抗体的开发，但先进抗体技术在病毒感染治疗中的应用尚处于起步阶段。非人灵长类动物研究表明，针对HIV包膜的抗体既能预防病毒感染，又能控制病毒血症。尽管抗体疗法针对HIV具有明显潜力，但在生产和纯化能力方面仍存在局限性，需要进一步研究。重组抗体技术的最新进展已促成一系列新型抗体片段的开发，如单域纳米抗体和双特异性抗体，它们能够将癌细胞靶向细胞毒性T细胞。还设计了新型抗体生产技术，使抗体能够从非哺乳动物细胞、牛初乳以及细菌的周质和细胞质中获得。这些进展可能使大规模生产能够预防HIV感染或作为减少终身抗逆转录病毒治疗需求的疗法的HIV抗体成为可能。本综述总结了基于抗体的技术的最新进展，并讨论了利用这些进展设计针对HIV的预防和治疗方法的可能性与挑战。
