Mayo Clinic Program in Professionalism and Ethics, Rochester, MN.
Holloran Center for Ethical Leadership in the Professions, University of St. Thomas, Minneapolis, MN.
Mayo Clin Proc. 2014 May;89(5):644-52. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.01.011.
Professionalism is an indispensable element in the compact between the medical profession and society that is based on trust and putting the needs of patients above all other considerations. The resurgence of interest in professionalism dates back to the 1980s when health maintenance organizations were formed and proprietary influences in health care increased. Since then, a rich and comprehensive literature has emerged in defining professionalism, including desirable individual attributes and behaviors and how they may be taught, promoted, and assessed. More recently, scholarship has shifted from individual to organizational professionalism. This literature addresses the role that health care organizations can play to establish environments that are conducive to the consistent expression of professionalism by individuals and health care teams. We reviewed interdisciplinary empirical studies from health care effectiveness and outcomes, organizational sciences, positive psychology, and social psychology, finding evidence that organizational and individual professionalism is associated with a wide range of benefits to patients and the organization. We identify actionable organizational strategies and approaches that, if adopted, can foster and promote combined organizational and individual professionalism. In doing so, trust in the medical profession and its institutions can be enhanced, which in turn will reconfirm a commitment to the social compact.
专业性是建立在信任基础上的医疗行业与社会之间契约的不可或缺的要素，它将患者的需求置于其他所有考虑因素之上。对专业性的兴趣复兴可以追溯到 20 世纪 80 年代，当时成立了健康维护组织，医疗保健中的所有权影响也有所增加。从那时起，关于专业性的定义已经出现了丰富而全面的文献，包括理想的个人属性和行为，以及如何教授、促进和评估这些属性和行为。最近，学术研究的重点已经从个体专业性转移到了组织专业性。这方面的文献探讨了医疗保健组织可以发挥的作用，以建立有利于个人和医疗团队始终如一地表现专业性的环境。我们回顾了来自医疗保健效果和成果、组织科学、积极心理学和社会心理学的跨学科实证研究，有证据表明，组织和个体专业性与患者和组织的广泛利益相关。我们确定了可采取行动的组织策略和方法，如果采用这些策略和方法，可以促进和推动组织和个人专业性的结合。这样做可以增强对医疗行业及其机构的信任，进而再次确认对社会契约的承诺。
