Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.
Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
J Immunol Res. 2014;2014:796856. doi: 10.1155/2014/796856. Epub 2014 Apr 3.
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor, and despite aggressive therapy with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, average survival remains at about 1.5 years. The highly infiltrative and invasive nature of GBM requires that alternative treatments for this disease be widespread and targeted to tumor cells. Immunotherapy in the form of tumor vaccines has the potential to meet this need. Vaccines against GBM hold the promise of triggering specific and systemic antitumor immune responses that may be the key to eradicating this unrelenting cancer. In this review, we will discuss past and present clinical trials of various GBM vaccines and their potential impact on the future care of GBM patients. There have been many promising phase I and phase II GBM vaccine studies that have led to ongoing and upcoming phase III trials. If the results of these randomized trials show a survival benefit, immunotherapy will become a standard part of the treatment of this devastating disease.
胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）是最常见的原发性脑肿瘤，尽管采用手术、放疗和化疗等积极治疗，平均生存时间仍约为 1.5 年。GBM 具有高度浸润性和侵袭性，因此需要广泛采用针对肿瘤细胞的替代疗法。肿瘤疫苗形式的免疫疗法具有满足这一需求的潜力。针对 GBM 的疫苗有可能引发针对肿瘤的特异性和系统性免疫反应，而这可能是根除这种无情癌症的关键。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论过去和现在的各种 GBM 疫苗的临床试验及其对未来 GBM 患者治疗的潜在影响。已经有许多有前途的 I 期和 II 期 GBM 疫苗研究导致了正在进行和即将进行的 III 期试验。如果这些随机试验的结果显示出生存获益，免疫疗法将成为治疗这种毁灭性疾病的标准治疗方法之一。
