Compartment-specific immunolocalization of conserved epitopes of the glycoprotein gB of herpes simplex virus type 1 and bovine herpes virus type 2 in infected cells.

Monoclonal antibodies directed against a surface glycoprotein of the bovine herpes virus type 2 (BHV-2, bovine herpes mammillitis virus) recognize also determinants of the major glycoprotein gB of the human herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Cross-reacting antigens of the virions and in infected cells were localized with immunocytochemical methods, immunofluorescence as well as pre-embedding and cryoultramicrotomy immune electron microscopy. All antibodies stain to different degrees cell free BHV-2 and HSV-1 virions. In the cell two predominant staining patterns could be observed indicating that expression of epitopes is dependent upon the cell compartment: (i) staining of cytoplasmic membranes and enveloped particles within membrane systems and (ii) staining of intranuclear antigens. Antibodies tagging intranuclear antigens react with moderately dense material or with the periphery of nucleocapsids. This unexpected result is interpreted in terms of two hypotheses: (1) presence of common epitopes on two entirely different herpesvirus proteins conserved in HSV-1 and BHV-2 and (2) transport of gB or its precursor into the nucleus.