Solianik Rima, Skurvydas Albertas, Vitkauskienė Astra, Brazaitis Marius
Sports Research and Innovation Institute, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto str. 6, LT-44221 Kaunas, Lithuania.
Sports Research and Innovation Institute, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto str. 6, LT-44221 Kaunas, Lithuania.
Cryobiology. 2014 Aug;69(1):26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2014.04.015. Epub 2014 May 6.
This study investigated whether there are any gender differences in body-heating strategies during cold stress and whether the immune and neuroendocrine responses to physiological stress differ between men and women. Thirty-two participants (18 men and 14 women) were exposed to acute cold stress by immersion to the manubrium level in 14 °C water. The cold stress continued until rectal temperature (TRE) reached 35.5 °C or for a maximum of 170 min. The responses to cold stress of various indicators of body temperature, insulation, metabolism, shivering, stress, and endocrine and immune function were compared between men and women. During cold stress, TRE and muscle and mean skin temperatures decreased in all subjects (P<0.001). These variables and the TRE cooling rate did not differ between men and women. The insulative response was greater in women (P<0.05), whereas metabolic heat production and shivering were greater (P<0.05) in men. Indicators of cold strain did not differ between men and women, but men exhibited larger changes in the indicators of neuroendocrine (epinephrine level) and in immune (tumor necrosis factor-α level) responses (both P<0.05). The results of the present study indicated that men exhibited a greater metabolic response and shivering thermogenesis during acute cold stress, whereas women exhibited a greater insulative response. Despite the similar experience of cold strain in men and women, the neuroendocrine and immune responses were larger in men. Contrary to our expectations, the cooling rate was similar in men and women.
本研究调查了冷应激期间身体产热策略是否存在性别差异，以及男性和女性对生理应激的免疫和神经内分泌反应是否不同。32名参与者（18名男性和14名女性）通过浸入14℃水中至胸骨柄水平暴露于急性冷应激。冷应激持续至直肠温度（TRE）达到35.5℃或最长170分钟。比较了男性和女性对冷应激的各种体温、隔热、代谢、颤抖、应激以及内分泌和免疫功能指标的反应。在冷应激期间，所有受试者的TRE、肌肉和平均皮肤温度均下降（P<0.001）。这些变量以及TRE冷却速率在男性和女性之间没有差异。女性的隔热反应更大（P<0.05），而男性的代谢产热和颤抖更大（P<0.05）。冷应激指标在男性和女性之间没有差异，但男性在神经内分泌（肾上腺素水平）和免疫（肿瘤坏死因子-α水平）反应指标上表现出更大的变化（均P<0.05）。本研究结果表明，男性在急性冷应激期间表现出更大的代谢反应和颤抖产热，而女性表现出更大的隔热反应。尽管男性和女性经历的冷应激相似，但男性的神经内分泌和免疫反应更大。与我们的预期相反，男性和女性的冷却速率相似。
