洋河万全段重金属污染风险评估与对策

[Risk assessment and countermeasures of heavy metals pollution in Wanquan segment of Yanghe River].

作者信息

Tan Bing, Wang Tie-Yu, Zhu Zhao-Yun, Li Qi-Feng, Xu Li, Lü Yong-Long

出版信息

Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2014 Feb;35(2):719-26.

Abstract

In order to investigate heavy metals contamination status in Wanquan segment of Yanghe River, Zhangjiakou, 9 water and sediments samples were collected respectively for analyzing Cu, Ni, Cd, Zn, Cr, Pb, Hg and As, with water quality indicators determined at the same time. The potential ecological risk index (PERI) was then employed to evaluate potential ecological risk of heavy metals in sediments. Results indicated that the concentrations of Cu, Ni, Cd, Zn, Cr, Pb, Hg and As in water samples ranged from 1.28-24.13, 1.13-16.84, 0.08-0.11, 1.80-10.65, 1.40-19.12, 0.13-2.05, 0.06-0.99, 0.46-4.22 microg x L(-1), respectively, which are all below the national water quality standard for the demands of industrial use and agricultural irrigation. Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to reveal the relationship between water quality indicators and heavy metals pollution in water samples. Concentrations of Cu, Ni, Cd, Zn, Cr, Pb, Hg and As in sediments ranged from 5.90-110.11, 17.34-56.04, 0.07-0.31, 38.71-116.74, 40.39-85.77, 18.65-22.74, nd-0.047, 0.85-9.98 mg x kg(-1), respectively. The descending order of potential ecological risk intensity caused by different heavy metals was: Cd > Cu > Hg > Ni > As > Pb > Cr > Zn, and the average value of each heavy metal was low, while middle-grade risk level of Cd and Hg were also found in several sites. Among all monitoring sites, the descending order of PERI of all target heavy metals was: YH-07 > YH-03 > YH-09 > YH-02 > YH-06 > YH-04 > YH-05 > YH-01, and the average value reached slight grade, while middle-grade risk level was detected in YH-07. Sampling locations in YH-02-YH-03 and YH-07-YH-09 were found with relatively high ecological risk level because of agricultural and anthropogenic activities, respectively. Finally, three risk management regions were figured out and corresponding countermeasures for improving the environmental quality of the watershed were proposed based on the research results.

摘要

为调查张家口洋河万全段的重金属污染状况，分别采集了9份水样和沉积物样本，用于分析铜、镍、镉、锌、铬、铅、汞和砷，并同时测定水质指标。然后采用潜在生态风险指数（PERI）评估沉积物中重金属的潜在生态风险。结果表明，水样中铜、镍、镉、锌、铬、铅、汞和砷的浓度分别为1.28 - 24.13、1.13 - 16.84、0.08 - 0.11、1.80 - 10.65、1.40 - 19.12、0.13 - 2.05、0.06 - 0.99、0.46 - 4.22μg·L⁻¹，均低于工业用水和农业灌溉用水的国家水质标准。进行主成分分析（PCA）以揭示水样中水质指标与重金属污染之间的关系。沉积物中铜、镍、镉、锌、铬、铅、汞和砷的浓度分别为5.90 - 110.11、17.34 - 56.04、0.07 - 0.31、38.71 - 116.74、40.39 - 85.77、18.65 - 22.74、未检出 - 0.047、0.85 - 9.98mg·kg⁻¹。不同重金属引起的潜在生态风险强度由高到低依次为：镉＞铜＞汞＞镍＞砷＞铅＞铬＞锌，各重金属的平均值较低，但在几个位点也发现镉和汞处于中级风险水平。在所有监测位点中，所有目标重金属的PERI由高到低依次为：YH - 07＞YH - 03＞YH - 09＞YH - 02＞YH - 06＞YH - 04＞YH - 05＞YH - 01，平均值达到轻度等级，但在YH - 07检测到中级风险水平。由于农业活动和人为活动，分别在YH - 02 - YH - 03和YH - 07 - YH - 09的采样位点发现生态风险水平相对较高。最后，根据研究结果划分出三个风险管理区域，并提出了改善流域环境质量的相应对策。