Medlock Jolyon M, Hansford Kayleigh M, Van Bortel Wim, Zeller Herve, Alten Bulent
Medical Entomology group, Emergency Response Department, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom.
J Vector Ecol. 2014 Jun;39(1):72-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2014.12072.x.
The phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) are vectors of several infectious pathogens. The presence of a sand fly vector is considered to be a risk factor for the emergence of leishmaniasis in temperate Europe. Hence, the occurrence of phlebotomine sand flies and any changes in their distribution is important in determining the potential change in distribution of leishmaniasis in Europe. Therefore, published evidence for a changing distribution of the important phlebotomine sand fly vectors of leishmaniasis and phlebovirus infection in Europe is reviewed. This paper presents evidence of an increasing risk of establishment by sand fly species, especially for the Atlantic Coast and inland parts of Germany, Switzerland, and Austria. In addition to detection in potentially appropriate areas, the findings show areas of potential future establishment of the species. The most important and urgent necessity within the community of entomologists working on phlebotomines is the need to record the extremes of distribution of each species and obtain data on their regional presence/absence along with increased sharing of the data throughout European projects.
白蛉（双翅目：蛾蠓科，白蛉亚科）是多种传染性病原体的传播媒介。白蛉媒介的存在被认为是欧洲温带地区利什曼病出现的一个风险因素。因此，白蛉的出现及其分布的任何变化对于确定欧洲利什曼病分布的潜在变化都很重要。因此，本文综述了欧洲利什曼病和白蛉病毒感染的重要白蛉传播媒介分布变化的已发表证据。本文提供了证据表明白蛉物种定殖的风险在增加，特别是在德国、瑞士和奥地利的大西洋沿岸及内陆地区。除了在潜在适宜区域的检测外，研究结果还显示了这些物种未来可能定殖的区域。在研究白蛉的昆虫学家群体中，最重要和最紧迫的需求是记录每个物种分布的极限，并获取其在区域内存在/不存在的数据，同时在整个欧洲项目中增加数据共享。
