Meyer Saskia, Fleischer-Schlechtiger Nadine, Gräske Johannes, Worch Andreas, Wolf-Ostermann Karin
Pflege Z. 2014 Apr;67(4):224-9.
Malnutrition and weight loss are special challenges in the care of older people particularly with dementia. In Germany, shared-housing arrangements (SHA) for older care-dependent people evolved in the last years. SHA are an alternative to traditional nursing homes. Despite of the increase of SHA in number it remains unclear if this setting is especially beneficial in terms of (mal-)nutrition. Therefore the nutritional status of older people with and without dementia living in SHA and traditional nursing homes will be compared. From 2010 to 2011 data was collected in various SHA in Berlin and in a nursing home in Schkeuditz/Saxony using standardized face-to-face interviews with nurses. In addition to socio-demographic data the nutritional status using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and the cognitive capacities usingthe Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) were examined. In the secondary data analysis, data from 129 residents (60 residents from 29 SHA and 69 from a nursing home) were included in the analysis. The residents of both settings were mostly female (76.7%) and on average 80.4 years old and with a moderate to severe cognitive decline (MMSE: 13.2). The average MNA score of residents from both settings is 19.7, indicating a risk for malnutrition. Residents of SHA have a significantly higher (and therefore better) MNA score (21.2) on average than residents in the nursing home (18.3; t-Test p<0.001). The present study shows that residents in SHA show a better nutritional status than residents in the nursing home even when taking into account differences concerning age, gender, care dependency, a medical diagnosis of dementia and the MMSE. Further studies should evaluate the concept of food intake in both settings and evaluate differences.
营养不良和体重减轻是老年人护理中的特殊挑战，尤其是对于患有痴呆症的老年人。在德国，针对需要长期护理的老年人的共享住房安排（SHA）在过去几年有所发展。SHA是传统养老院的一种替代选择。尽管SHA的数量有所增加，但尚不清楚这种环境在（不良）营养方面是否特别有益。因此，将对居住在SHA和传统养老院中的患有和未患有痴呆症的老年人的营养状况进行比较。2010年至2011年期间，通过与护士进行标准化的面对面访谈，收集了柏林各SHA以及萨克森州施克迪茨的一家养老院的数据。除社会人口统计学数据外，还使用微型营养评定法（MNA）检查了营养状况，并使用简易精神状态检查表（MMSE）检查了认知能力。在二次数据分析中，分析纳入了129名居民的数据（29个SHA中的60名居民和一家养老院中的69名居民）。两种环境中的居民大多为女性（76.7%），平均年龄为80.4岁，认知功能有中度至重度衰退（MMSE：13.2）。两种环境中居民的MNA平均得分均为19.7，表明存在营养不良风险。SHA的居民平均MNA得分（21.2）明显高于养老院的居民（18.3；t检验p<0.001）。本研究表明，即使考虑到年龄、性别、护理依赖程度、痴呆症的医学诊断以及MMSE等方面的差异，SHA中的居民营养状况也优于养老院中的居民。进一步的研究应评估两种环境中的食物摄入概念并评估差异。
