Utzschneider S, Paulus A C, Schröder C, Jansson V
Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie, Physikalische Medizin und Rehabilitation, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Campus Großhadern, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, München, Deutschland,
Orthopade. 2014 Jun;43(6):515-21. doi: 10.1007/s00132-014-2297-z.
Polyethylene is still one of the most important materials in the field of hip and knee arthroplasty. The clinical results of the last decades have helped to further develop polyethylene into a high-tech material. Progress in the development of new materials must be compared with the tried and tested ones to provide optimal and most individual patient care.
This article gives an overview of the history and current application profile of the material ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) in hip and knee arthroplasty.
With the aid of the current literature, new developments in the field of the material UHMWPE, also with respect to the biological activity of wear, the particular biomechanics of the knee joint as well as alternative hard-hard bearing surfaces in the hip, are represented in terms of implant safety.
The problems concerning polyethylene are now well recognized. The disadvantages of the material UHMWPE could be consistently reduced based on material research so that modern polyethylenes have gradually been shown in clinical trials that they can be reliably used.
Despite this the potential for improvement has still not yet been fully exploited. Any further development must be extensively tested both biomechanically and biologically before the material can be used in vivo. Long-term results are still necessary before a material can be accepted as being clinically safe.
聚乙烯仍是髋关节和膝关节置换领域最重要的材料之一。过去几十年的临床结果促使聚乙烯进一步发展成为一种高科技材料。新材料的研发进展必须与经过试验和验证的材料进行比较，以提供最佳且最个性化的患者护理。
本文概述了超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）材料在髋关节和膝关节置换术中的历史及当前应用概况。
借助当前文献，从植入物安全性的角度阐述了UHMWPE材料领域的新进展，包括磨损的生物活性、膝关节的特殊生物力学以及髋关节中替代的硬对硬承重表面。
与聚乙烯相关的问题如今已得到充分认识。基于材料研究，UHMWPE材料的缺点已不断减少，以至于现代聚乙烯在临床试验中已逐渐表明可可靠使用。
尽管如此，其改进潜力仍未得到充分挖掘。在该材料可用于体内之前，任何进一步的发展都必须在生物力学和生物学方面进行广泛测试。在一种材料被认定为临床安全之前，长期结果仍然是必要的。
