Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR-465, Km 7 - Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Comportamento e Biologia Animal da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n - Campus Universitário Bairro Martelos, 36036-330 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
Programa de Pós-graduação em Comportamento e Biologia Animal da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n - Campus Universitário Bairro Martelos, 36036-330 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
Vet Parasitol. 2014 Jul 14;203(3-4):310-7. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.04.003. Epub 2014 Apr 25.
This study evaluated the efficacy of four entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) strains in insect cadaver formulations against Rhipicephalus microplus and compared the efficacy of the most virulent EPNs applied in cadavers of Galleria mellonella and Tenebrio molitor. In the first experiment, infected G. mellonela larvae were used as the source of EPNs. Engorged females of R. microplus were placed in pots filled with soil and different numbers of G. mellonella larvae infected with one of four species of nematodes. All treatments with EPNs of the genus Heterorhabditis caused significant reduction (p<0.05) in the egg mass weight and hatching percentage of larvae. The EPNs of the genus Steinernema, except for the group exposed to Steinernema carpocapsae ALL, whose source nematodes included six larvae of G. mellonella, caused a significant reduction (p<0.05) in the egg mass weight produced per female. Steinernema feltiae SN applied with two, four, and six cadavers and S. carpocapsae ALL with two cadavers caused a reduction in hatching percentage of larvae of R. microplus (p<0.05). The percentage of control was above 95% in all groups treated with Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HP88 and Heterorhabditis indica LPP1 and in the treatment with four larvae infected with S. feltiae SN. The second experiment followed the same methodology, using G. mellonella and T. molitor larvae infected by the two most virulent EPNs. H. bacteriophora HP88 and H. indica LPP1 in different formulations caused reduction in the egg mass weight and hatching percentage of larvae. The percentage of control were 82.4 and 84.9% for H. bacteriophora HP88 and H. indica LPP1, respectively, formulated in T. molitor, and reaching 99.9% in groups formulated with G. mellonella. The EPNs tested in insect cadaver formulation showed pathogenicity to engorged females of R. microplus and EPNs of the genus Heterorhabditis formulated in G. mellonella larvae were more effective.
本研究评估了四种昆虫病原线虫（EPN）菌株在昆虫尸体配方中的功效，比较了最具毒力的 EPN 应用于金小蜂和黄粉虫尸体的功效。在第一个实验中，感染的金小蜂幼虫被用作 EPN 的来源。将饱血的微小牛蜱雌虫放置在装满土壤的盆中，并在不同数量感染了四种线虫之一的感染金小蜂幼虫。所有用异小杆线虫属的 EPN 处理都会导致卵块重量和幼虫孵化率显著降低（p<0.05）。除了暴露于包含 6 只金小蜂幼虫的斯氏线虫属的斯氏线虫属 ALL 的组外，斯氏线虫属的 EPN 都会导致每只雌虫产生的卵块重量显著降低（p<0.05）。应用两个、四个和六个尸体的斯氏线虫属费氏线虫 SN 和应用两个尸体的斯氏线虫属科卡氏线虫 ALL 都会导致微小牛蜱幼虫的孵化率降低（p<0.05）。在所有用嗜菌异小杆线虫属 HP88 和嗜菌异小杆线虫属 LPP1 处理的组和用感染了斯氏线虫属费氏线虫 SN 的四个幼虫处理的组中，对照的百分比均超过 95%。在使用感染了两种最具毒力的 EPN 的金小蜂和黄粉虫幼虫的第二个实验中，采用了相同的方法。不同配方的嗜菌异小杆线虫属 HP88 和嗜菌异小杆线虫属 LPP1 都会导致卵块重量和幼虫孵化率降低。嗜菌异小杆线虫属 HP88 和嗜菌异小杆线虫属 LPP1 在黄粉虫配方中的对照百分比分别为 82.4%和 84.9%，在金小蜂配方中的对照百分比达到 99.9%。在昆虫尸体配方中测试的 EPN 对饱血的微小牛蜱雌虫具有致病性，在金小蜂幼虫中配方的异小杆线虫属 EPN 更为有效。
