Nakao Takashi, Tokunaga Satoko, Takamura Masahiro, Nashiwa Hitomi, Hayashi Shunsuke, Miyatani Makoto
a University of Ottawa.
J Gen Psychol. 2012 Jan-Mar;139(1):29-41. doi: 10.1080/00221309.2011.642027.
The self-reference effect (SRE), by which encoding of information is done in a self-referential manner (e.g., "Does the word describe you?"), enhances subsequent memory performance. It is thought to reflect that self-reference is a highly practiced task in everyday life. Accordingly, it is expected that the types of tasks that produce memory enhancement vary according to individual differences of past experiences. On the basis of neuroimaging studies, we hypothesized that social desirability reference ("Is this word socially desirable?") produces memory enhancement as with SRE in people who have chosen altruistic behavior frequently. Participants processed trait adjectives in relation to themselves, social desirability, and meaning. Then they performed a free recall task. The self-report altruism scale was used to assess the frequency of past altruistic behavior. Consistent with our prediction, the social desirability reference yielded the best retention in the high-altruism group. SRE was observed only in the low-altruism group.
自我参照效应（SRE）是指信息编码以自我参照的方式进行（例如，“这个词描述的是你吗？”），它能提高后续的记忆表现。人们认为这反映出自我参照是日常生活中经常进行的一项任务。因此，可以预期，产生记忆增强的任务类型会因过去经历的个体差异而有所不同。基于神经影像学研究，我们假设社会期望参照（“这个词在社会上是可取的吗？”）在经常选择利他行为的人群中会像自我参照效应一样产生记忆增强。参与者处理与自己、社会期望和意义相关的特质形容词。然后他们进行自由回忆任务。自我报告利他主义量表用于评估过去利他行为的频率。与我们的预测一致，社会期望参照在高利他主义组中产生了最佳的记忆保持效果。自我参照效应仅在低利他主义组中观察到。
