按祖源和居住海拔划分的运动能力和部分生理因素：西藏 9-10 岁儿童的横断面研究。
Exercise capacity and selected physiological factors by ancestry and residential altitude: cross-sectional studies of 9-10-year-old children in Tibet.
机构信息
1 Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Tibet University Medical College , Lhasa, Tibet, China .
出版信息
High Alt Med Biol. 2014 Jun;15(2):162-9. doi: 10.1089/ham.2013.1084. Epub 2014 May 16.
AIM
Several physiological compensatory mechanisms have enabled Tibetans to live and work at high altitude, including increased ventilation and pulmonary diffusion capacity, both of which serve to increase oxygen transport in the blood. The aim of the present study was to compare exercise capacity (maximal power output) and selected physiological factors (arterial oxygen saturation and heart rate at rest and during maximal exercise, resting hemoglobin concentration, and forced vital capacity) in groups of native Tibetan children living at different residential altitudes (3700 vs. 4300 m above sea level) and across ancestry (native Tibetan vs. Han Chinese children living at the same altitude of 3700 m).
METHODS
A total of 430 9-10-year-old native Tibetan children from Tingri (4300 m) and 406 native Tibetan- and 406 Han Chinese immigrants (77% lowland-born and 33% highland-born) from Lhasa (3700 m) participated in two cross-sectional studies. The maximal power output (W max) was assessed using an ergometer cycle.
RESULTS
Lhasa Tibetan children had a 20% higher maximal power output (watts/kg) than Tingri Tibetan and 4% higher than Lhasa Han Chinese. Maximal heart rate, arterial oxygen saturation at rest, lung volume, and arterial oxygen saturation were significantly associated with exercise capacity at a given altitude, but could not fully account for the differences in exercise capacity observed between ancestry groups or altitudes.
CONCLUSIONS
The superior exercise capacity in native Tibetans vs. Han Chinese may reflect a better adaptation to life at high altitude. Tibetans at the lower residential altitude of 3700 m demonstrated a better exercise capacity than residents at a higher altitude of 4300 m when measured at their respective residential altitudes. Such altitude- or ancestry-related difference could not be fully attributed to the physiological factors measured.
目的
一些生理代偿机制使藏族人能够在高海拔地区生活和工作，包括增加通气和肺扩散能力，这两者都有助于增加血液中的氧气输送。本研究的目的是比较不同居住海拔（3700 米与 4300 米）和不同种族（生活在同一海拔 3700 米的本地藏族儿童与汉族儿童）的藏族儿童的运动能力（最大功率输出）和一些生理因素（静息和最大运动时的动脉血氧饱和度和心率、静息血红蛋白浓度和用力肺活量）。
方法
来自定日（4300 米）的 430 名 9-10 岁本地藏族儿童和来自拉萨（3700 米）的 406 名本地藏族和 406 名汉族移民（77%低地出生，33%高地出生）参与了两项横断面研究。最大功率输出（W max）使用测力计自行车进行评估。
结果
拉萨藏族儿童的最大功率输出（瓦特/公斤）比定日藏族儿童高 20%，比拉萨汉族儿童高 4%。最大心率、静息时的动脉血氧饱和度、肺活量和动脉血氧饱和度与特定海拔的运动能力显著相关，但不能完全解释在不同种族或海拔之间观察到的运动能力差异。
结论
与汉族人相比，本地藏族人具有更好的运动能力，这可能反映了他们对高海拔生活的更好适应。当在各自的居住海拔进行测量时，居住在海拔较低的 3700 米的藏族人比居住在海拔较高的 4300 米的藏族人具有更好的运动能力。这种与海拔或种族相关的差异不能完全归因于所测量的生理因素。
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